Download EOC review #2

EOC review #2
Carbon Cycle
• Two Major Processes:
– Cellular Respiration:
• O2 + Glucose CO2 + H2O
– Photosynthesis:
• CO2 + H2O Glucose + O2
Nitrogen Cycle
• Nitrogen is a major
component in protein and
DNA
• Found in water as
-ammonia (excreted by
aquatic animals)
-nitrites (formed by
bacteria)
-nitrates (formed by
bacteria)
Water Cycle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sun
Clouds/Condensation
Evaporation
Precipitation
Ocean
Where can we draw
transpiration?
1. Transpiration is the
evaporation of water
from plants
• The initial source of
energy for all organisms
is
Our Sun
Even the energy that
Carnivores get from eating
their prey can be traced back
to a plant.
The shape of the pyramid implies there is “less” at the top. “Less” what and why is
this necessary for success of the ecosystem? (Energy)
Ecological Pyramids
• Pyramid of numbers
• Pyramid of energy
Food Webs
• What is demonstrated by a
food web?
The feeding( trophic ) levels and
the flow of energy through an
ecosystem.
• Explain the impact that
removal of a single species can
have on the entire food web.
Removing just one species can
collapse a food web if it is the
primary food source in a
community with little
biodiversity. If there is a lot of
biodiversity then it will not
have a large effect because the
higher trophic levels will move
to other food sources.
Approximately how much energy absorbed by one trophic level
is passed on to the next? What happens to the remaining
energy?
Only 10% !!!!!!!
The rest is excreted as
waste or converted to
heat through cellular
respiration
Draw a diagram relating photosynthesis and cell respiration. Your diagram should demonstrate
how and what atoms cycle through the system, how energy flows through the system and the
cellular structures that perform each process.
On a biological level, how do we
extract energy from the food that
we eat?
Cellular Respiration
Three forms energy takes as it passes through an ecosystem.
• Light energy
• Chemical energy
• Heat
What two purposes does food serve our cells?
• Food to convert to ATP (Energy)
• nutrients to be used in our cells.
Why, when an organism dies, does the matter it is composed of
disintegrate yet that (hopefully) doesn’t happen while we are alive?
• Once Oxygen stops circulating through the body cellular respiration
cannot take place. So tissues begin to die. As this happens
decomposers start to colonize the dead organism because their
defense mechanisms no longer function.
The interdependence of two or more organisms on each other is called
__________symbiosis________________.
Types of symbiosis
• Parasitism- One organism benefits the other is
harmed.
• Mutualism- Both organisms benefit
• Commensalism- One benefits the other is
unaffected.
Important Definitions
• Populations: A group of organisms of one species that
interbreed and live in the same place at the same time
• Communities: composed of a group of organisms or a
population of different species occupying a particular area,
• Ecosystems: all living organisms (biotic factors) in an area
as well as its physical environment (abiotic factors)
• Biomes: A major ecological community of organisms
adapted to a particular climatic or environmental condition
• Biospheres: The part of the earth where living things exist.
5 human activities that impact the
ecosystem
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Burn fossil fuels
Oil spills
Deforestation
Air pollution
Water pollution
Feed lots
Pesticide use
• Because of the 10%
rule the population
of the organisms at
the top of the food
chain is controlled by
the number of
organisms at the
bottom.
AGAIN? This must be really
important!
•Which of the following is most likely to lead to an increase in the number of foxes
over time?
A. a decrease in owls
C. an increase in mountain lions
B. an increase in hawks
D. a decrease in raspberry bushes
If many trees are removed from a forest, what is the most immediate effect
on the carbon cycle in that forest?
A. increased rates of decomposition
B. decreased use of atmospheric CO2
C. decreased combustion of fossil fuels
D. increased production of organic compounds