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18.3 Modern Phylogenetic Taxonomy (p.347 -350)
I. Six Kingdom System
1) There are 6 kingdoms that encompass all of the known living
organisms on the planet.
A. Kingdom: Archaebacteria
1) The members of this kingdom are unicellular prokaryotes that
obtain food via autotrophy or heterotrophy.
a. Many are found in very harsh environments.
b. Archae means ancient; they are thought to be related to the
first organisms to be found on the planet
B. Kingdom: Eubacteria
1) The members of this kingdom are unicellular prokaryotes that
obtain food via autotrophy or heterotrophy.
a. eu means true
b. These are the bacteria that you think of when you picture
yogurt or tooth decay.
C. Kingdom: Protista
1) Most members of the kingdom Protista are single-celled organisms
that are eukaryotic. Some Protista are autotrophs, others
heterotrophs.
a. not plant, animal or fungi
b. example euglena and amoeba
D. Kingdom: Fungi
1) Most members of the kingdom Fungi are multicellular, and all are
heterotrophs.
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E. Kingdom: Plantae
1) All members of the kingdom Plantae are multicellular autotrophs.
Most plants cannot move about, and their cells have cell walls.
F. Kingdom: Animalia
1) All members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular
heterotrophs. Most animals can move about, and their cells lack
cell walls.
II. Three Domain System
1) The three domains are Eubacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
2) The domain Bacteria includes only the kingdom Eubacteria. All
members of the domain Bacteria are single-celled organisms
without a nucleus. They have cell walls containing a substance
called peptidoglycan.
3) The domain Archaea includes only the kingdom Archaebacteria.
All members of the domain Archaea are single-celled organisms
without a nucleus. They have cell walls without peptidoglycan.
4) The domain Eukarya includes the four remaining kingdoms:
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. All members of the
domain Eukarya have cells with a nucleus.
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