Download taxonomy PP – reg - Teacher Geeks

Classifying Living
Things
Why Do We Classify?
□ Allows us to keep track of the 3 to 10 million
different living things on Earth
□ Classification: The systematic grouping of
organisms into categories on the basis of
evolutionary relationships or physical
appearance
 The Science of classifying is called “Taxonomy”
□ People have been classifying for nearly
2,000 years
Scientific Naming
□ Carolus Linnaeus
• Developed systems for naming species
and organizing them into groups
• Named over 4000 plants & animals
• Used appearance to group species
• “Father of Taxonomy”
• Used binomial nomenclature
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□ What is Binomial Nomenclature?
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“Binomial” = two-name
“Nomenclature” = naming system
Language: Latin
Ex: common house cat – Felis domesticus
Mountain lion, puma, cougar – Felis concolor
Bobcat – Felis rufus
Genus
Always capitalized
species
always lower-case
Both are always italicized
• Genus and species are the most specific levels of
organization
There
are 8 levels of classification that
describe a species
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Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Ursidae
Ursus
maritimus
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primate
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
familiaris
The more levels of organization that two organisms share, the
more closely related the two organisms are!
Three Domain System
Recently, scientists have added a group above
Kingdom. Three groups, called DOMAINS,
contain each of the six kingdoms.
Domain Eukarya - includes organisms composed of
eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
Domain Bacteria - includes all prokaryotic cells,
Kingdom Eubacteria
Domain Archaea - includes only "ancient" bacteria,
Archaebacteria
The Kingdoms
• There are currently 6 kingdoms – all
organisms can be placed into one
of those 6.
• Classification into a kingdom is
based on certain criteria
Number of cells
o How it obtains energy
o Type of cell
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Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
(must consume
food)
• Eukaryotic (cells
have a nucleus)
• Examples: birds,
insects, worms,
mammals,
reptiles, humans
Kingdom Plantae
• Multicellular
• Autotrophic (can make own food;
photosynthesis)
• Eukaryotic (cells have nucleus)
Kingdom Fungae
• Multicellular (most)
• Heterotrophic (mainly
decomposers)
• Eukaryotic
• ex. mushrooms,
– yeast
Kingdom Protista
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Most are unicellular
Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic
Eukaryotes (all have nucleus)
Examples: Ameba, paramecium,
euglena, algae
• Most live in water
Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom
Archaebacteria
• Unicellular
• Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus)
Eubacteria = common
bacteria (E. coli,
Salmonella)
Archaebacteria =
“ancient bacteria”, exist
in extreme environments