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Quote of the Day 3 “Do not fear death so much as the inadequate life.” Bertolt Brecht Good Morning/Afternoon th March 29 2010 It’s a short week!!! It’s HOLY WEEK, make the best of it!! This WEEK: Announcements Monday: KSU lost so sorry. Its HOLY WEEK!! Tuesday: Soccer (Titan Classic) vs Campus Softball @ Dodge City Track NE Classic @ Heights Wednesday: Mass Day- Senior Panoramic Picture Soccer “C” Team vs Southeast Girls Diving @ North Thursday: Soccer (Titan Classic) TBD Friday: NO SCHOOL – GOOD FRIDAY!! Use it wisely. March th 29 Outcomes Students will identify the main elements of Hinduism Students will compare Hinduism / Islam to determine the effects of ruling a divided empire To Do List Announcements-Intro Dravidians – Aryans – Hinduism (Notes) Homework- Exit Card // Hindu god Quote of the Day 3 “Do not fear death so much as the inadequate life.” Bertolt Brecht Ancient Cities in Indus River Valley Notes on the Harappa First Indian Civilization -2800 B.C. Why do we know so little? No language- knowledge based on physical evidence Twin Capitals—Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Well Planned-grid like pattern- built around temple/fort Were well watered and had plumbing and drainage Standardized system of weights/Measurement/ building bricks Structures suggest there were thousands of people So what, so do you???????? Most of them farmers—grew wheat, barley, melons, cotton Merchants were believed to have traded with Sumer Evidence suggests that there was a well organized govt. Religion- Polytheistic- Mother goddess—animals important part of explaining strength, wisdom, speed. How did it end? Understanding the Aryans “These Aryans were rather immigrants than conquerors. But they brought with them strong physiques, a ready brutality, a skill and courage in war, which soon gave them mastery of northern India. They fought with bows and arrows, led by armored warriors in chariots, who wielded battle axes and hurled spears. They were too primitive to be hypocrites: they subjugated India without pretending to elevate it. They wanted land and pasture for their cattle; their word for war said nothing about national honor, but simply meant ‘a desire for more cows.’ ” Will Durant Historian Outside Invaders- The Aryans The Aryans This is a debated theory—A.I.T So what do we know-theorize Aryans-nomads- barbaric by Indian standards As nomads- no written language Aryan Society was divided into groups What’s left is hymns, prayers, & teachings—Vedas (Rigveda) (1500-500 B.C. Vedic Age) glorified fighting, dancing, drinking Wealth measured land and cattle, an ability to fight Brahmins- Priests Kshatriyas-warriors Vaisyas-herders, farmers, merchants, and artisans Sudras- Non-Aryans farm workers and servants These positions were originally economic, later by birth Aryan Religion-polytheistic-focus on natural forces Chief god was Indra- god of war, Varuna-god of creation Eventually a belief arose in Brahman- god above others Indra- god of War How does this god compare with Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, or the Hebrews Varuna- god of creation Agni- god of Fire Review of the Aryans Indo-European migrants looking for resources 1500-500 B.C. Nomads- no written language Vedas- hymns, prayers, and teachings (Vedic Age) Society geared around fighting, drinking, dancing Brought with them a caste system Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaisyas Sudras Aryan Religion polytheisitic- gods of war, fire, creation Eventually belief in a supreme god Brahman arose Indian Caste System- Varuna Hinduism Scratching the Surface of Hinduism Believed to be one of the oldest religions in the World. Largest Polytheistic religion in the world No single founder- No single text Combination of Aryan & Dravidian Beliefs There are multiple gods and practices- complex Originally referred to as Brahmanism because of the importance of the Brahman class. Core Beliefs Even though polytheistic Brahman is the supreme god—but exists in multiple forms— Creator, Preserve, Destroyer Hindu Trinity- three in one- mystery Represents the three forces at work in nature Creation Preservation Destruction Each individual is believed to have an atman (soul) Goal of Hinduism-have atman in union with Brahman (moksha) Most people cannot attain moksha in one lifetime- reincarnation To elevate- one must follow and accept Karma Karma- actions that affect your next life. Success if achieved by living according to dharma Hindu Trinity Brahma- the Creator Shiva- the Destroyer Vishnu- the Preserver Your Homework We discussed Polytheism vs Monotheism Hindus DO NOT believe in an All Knowing God 1. 2. 1. People are Caught in the wheel of life 3. 1. 2. 4. 5. 6. Who judges? Forgives sin? Can be petitioned? Transmigration of the soul- Samsara- reincarnation Asceticism (living simply- denial) / Yoga (meditation) Do NOT believe in a Heaven or Hell Caste System- divided people based on job / holiness Others ????? Reflection time / Exit Card 1. Whoa, we’ve covered quite a bit Write one things that sticks out to you about Hinduism. 2. What are 3 key terms that stick out to you about Hinduism? 3. How is this different from Islam? 4 . Why is this important at all???? Deeper look into Indian Society Listening to the Past- pg 81 1-3 Identify a Hindu god that you would like to research.