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Hinduism Origins ◦ Hinduism does not come from the ________________________________ of one person ◦ Hindu is a Sanskrit word meaning “_______________________,” it was once used to describe all Indians ◦ The teachings of Hinduism have three main sources: ◦ The ____________________________ of the Indus River valley culture ◦ The traditions of the ___________________________ peoples ◦ And the beliefs of the ___________________________ invaders Aryan Invasion ◦ When the Aryans invaded India, the ________________________ Dravidians responded in three ways: ◦ Fleeing to ___________________________ India and preserving their culture ◦ Becoming _______________________________ to the Aryans ◦ _________________________________ with the Aryans to form a new culture in northern Indiathis was the beginning of Hinduism Hindu Texts ◦ Hindu beliefs come from a collection of texts known as the ______________________________, “that which is heard” ◦ Other texts are called _____________________________, “that which is remembered”-these are great stories ◦ The ________________________________ are part of the Shruti and answer questions about Hindu beliefs and practices Hindu Beliefs ◦ The one true reality is _________________________________, the mighty spirit that creates and destroys. Brahman is One, but expresses itself as many ◦ One part of Brahman is the Self, or Soul. This is called ____________________________. Atman is found in every living thing ◦ Nothing living dies entirely. The Atman continues in a cycle of ____________________________ ◦ All Hindus strive to achieve ________________________________, a state of spiritual perfection. Once moksha is achieved, the Atman merges with Brahman ◦ Moksha is achieved through __________________________________: knowledge and insight, appropriate action and works, and devotion to god ◦ All diversity in the universe is an illusion (maya)-the true nature is ________________________________ Hindu Gods and Goddesses Brahma the _____________________________ Vishnu the ______________________________ Shiva the _________________________________ __________________________________ (Feminine energy force responsible for fertility and creativity; manifests itself in many female forms) Hindus believe in the Oneness of Brahman, but often have ____________________________ to other gods Caste System ◦ 1. _____________________________________ ◦ ◦ 2. _____________________________________ ◦ ◦ Created from the arms, rulers and warriors 3. ______________________________________ ◦ ◦ Created from the mouth, made up of priests Created from the thighs, merchants, farmers, artisans 4. ______________________________________ ◦ Created from the feed, servants and slaves Dalits (Untouchables) ◦ The _____________________________, or Untouchables, are even lower than the Sudras ◦ They had no _____________________________ in Hindu culture ◦ Members of other ____________________________ would not speak to them, touch them, drink from the same well, etc. Justification ◦ The justification for the caste system is ____________________________-your behavior in this life will determine your status in the next life ◦ Good karma is accrued by following __________________________________ ◦ Dharma is the set of rules for proper behavior for each ________________________________ Goals of Life ◦ No matter what caste, there are four purushartha, or ____________________________ of life: ◦ ◦ Dharma, artha (success), kama (pleasure) and moksha A Hindu expects to pass through four ashramas, or __________________________ of life: ◦ Brahmacarya-________________________________ ◦ Grihastha-____________________________________ ◦ Vanaprastha-One who withdraws for _________________________________________ ◦ Samnyasin-One who ___________________________________________ the world