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The Human Brain
Option A.2
The anterior part of the neural tube
expands to form the brain.
• Define cephalizationa. The development of the head region.
• State the number of neurons in the human brain.
a. 86 Billion
• Describe the advantage of having a brain.
a. Communication between the billions of
neurons is more rapid than if the control centers
are spread out.
Different parts of the brain have
specific roles.
• State the function of the following regions of
the brain:
a. Medulla oblongata- deals with
involuntary functions such as heart rate and
breathing.
b. Cerebellum- important in motor
control, posture, balance, some cognitive
function such as speech.
Different parts of the brain have
specific roles.
c. Hypothalamus- interface between the
brain and the pituitary gland, hormones,
homeostasis.
d. Pituitary Gland1. Posterior Lobe- stores and releases
hormones produced by the hypothalamus.
2. Anterior Lobe- releases hormones
e. Cerebral Hemispheres- integrating center
for higher functions: learning, memory, emotions.
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary process in
the body using centers located in the medulla oblongata.
• Describe the peripheral nervous system.
a. Made of all the nerves outside of the central
nervous system.
• List the two parts of the peripheral nervous system.
a. Voluntary and autonomic
• Compare and contrast the two parts of the peripheral
nervous system.
a. They are both part of the peripheral nervous
system but autonomic controls involuntary functions and
is divided into two parts.
The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary process in
the body using centers located in the medulla oblongata.
• List the two parts of the autonomic nervous
system.
a. Parasympathetic and sympathetic
• Explain how these two parts work together.
a. They have opposite effects on the body.
The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) controls
homeostasis and the body at rest and is responsible
for the body's "rest and digest" function. The
sympathetic nervous system (SNS) controls the
body's responses to a perceived threat and is
responsible for the "fight or flight" response.