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Title: What are the different
parts that make up a cell?
vocab: cytoskeleton, cell wall
mitochondrion, vacuole,
ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi complex, chloroplast,
lysosome
Common characteristics of
eukaryotic cells
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either single of multicellular organisms
both plant and animal cells
are eukaryotic
all have…..
o parts that protect
and support the cell
 a cell membrane
that lets things in
and out
 cytoplasm between
the cell membrane
and the nucleus
where the organelles
“float”
 cytoskeleton- a network
of protein fibers throughout the cytoplasm; gives
shape and support to the
cell
 cytoskeleton also helps in
cell division (reproduction)
and movement
genetic material in the
nucleus
o called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
o controls the cell (ex. making
proteins)
o the proteins it makes controls
the actions that happen in the cell
o proteins get sent out of the cell
through the cell membrane at a
pore (protein channel)
What organelles are in eukaryotic (plant and
animal) cells?

Mitochnodria (more than 1)
o turn food into energy through
a process called cellular respiration
o the mitochondrion(organelle where
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cellular respiration happens) turns
the energy into a chemical called
ATP
o cells use ATP to carry out cell
processes
o have their own DNA and 2
membranes and it has many
folds inside where cellular
respiration happens
ribosomeo the organelle that makes proteins
by creating chains of amino acids
using the code in the cell’s DNA
o the smallest organelle
o does not have a membrane
o some float freely in the cell and
some are attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)o a system of membranes that
assists in making, processing,
and transporting proteins and
in the making of lipids
o 2 types
 smooth ER- doesn’t have
ribosomes attached;
makes lipids and breaks
down toxic materials
 rough ER- does have
ribosomes attached
o it is near the nucleus
Golgi complexo the organelle that
packages and distributes materials
such as proteins
o it is a group of flat membrane sacs
o the sac wraps around the material
and forms a vesicle (small bubble)
around it, then transports it to
another part of the cell or out of
the cell
What other parts are found in plant cells?
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have cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus,
mitochondria, cytoskeleton, ribosomes,
ER, Golgi complex just like an animal cell
plants have additional organelles
cell wall- a rigid structure that surrounds
the cell membrane (outside the cell
membrane)
o gives support and structure to the
cell
o
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unlike animals, plants don’t have
a skeleton; get their extra support
from the cell wall
o archaea, fungi, protists, and
bacteria also have cell walls
vacuole- a fluid filled vessel found in most
animals, plants and fungi
o may contain enzymes, nutrients,
water, wastes
o a plant’s vacuole is different b/c
they also have a very large one
for storing water called the central
vacuole
o plants wilt when the central vac.
loses water
chloroplast- the organelle where photosynthesis occurs
o
o
o
turns carbon dioxide (CO₂) and
water into sugar and oxygen
with the energy from the sun
chloroplasts are green b/c they
have a green pigment called
chlorophyll
chlorophyll absorbs the sun to
fuel photosynthesis and gives
energy to the mitochondria
to make ATP (cell fuel)
What additional part is found in animal cells?
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lysosome- organelle that has digestive
enzymes that break down worn-out
or damaged organelles, waste material,
and foreign invaders (dead bodies of
the cells enemies)
o the lysosome puts the digested
materials in the vacuole; some
are recycled and reused