Download Chapteer 1 study guide rev

Chapter 1 study guide
Below are listed some Key Topics or terms to aid in focusing your study time. More topics then these may appear on the exam but these are a good place to start. Check each box as Chapter 1 you review the concept Know the name and location of the world’s oceans Be able to explain the difference between an ocean and a sea Be able to describe how the ocean has been explored, by which cultures, and for what reasons Be able to describe the 4 cultures Be able to explain how the earth and its oceans formed Be able to explain the difference between continuous and discrete data Be able to interpret and explain lab data Be able to discuss the formation and structure of the earth and how the oceans developed Be able to apply the scientific method Be able to discuss where what is found on the early and its relative abundance in those locations Chapter 1 study guide
Chapter 1 Introduction to Planet “Earth”
1. Describe the principal oceans of Earth including the following: A. location B. relative size C. land forms that border the ocean 2. Name the deepest ocean trench and describe its exploration by humans. 3. Discuss early ocean exploration and include the contributions of: A.
B.
C.
D.
early Pacific islanders (4000 BC–900 AD)
Phoenicians
Greeks
Romans
4. Describe the contributions to oceanic exploration during the Middle Ages and the Ming Dynasty including the: A. Arabs B. Vikings C. Ming Dynasty (1405‐1433) 5. Elaborate on the contributions to oceanic exploration made by European explorers during the Renaissance (Age of Discovery), including: A. Prince Henry the Navigator
B. Vasco da Gama
Chapter 1 study guide
C. Christopher Columbus
D. Vasco Nùñez de Balboa
E. Ferdinand Magellan
6.
Discuss the contributions of James Cook to early ocean science. 7.
List and describe the systematic steps of the scientific method. 8.
Distinguish between a hypothesis and a theory. 9.
Describe the formation of the solar system as outlined by the nebular hypothesis. 10.
Compare and contrast Protoearth and modern Earth. 11.
Describe density stratification in Earth and the resultant chemical structure including the: A. crust B. mantle C. core 12.
Describe the physical structure of Earth including the: A. inner core B. outer core C. mesosphere D. asthenosphere E. lithosphere 13.
Distinguish between continental crust and oceanic crust including location, chemical, and physical properties of the crust. 14.
Differentiate between isostatic adjustment and isostatic rebound. 15.
Describe the formation of Earth’s initial atmosphere. 16.
Describe the formation of Earth’s oceans and discuss the origin of the salts in ocean water. 17.
Discuss the implications of Stanley Miller’s experiment involving the simulation of primitive Earth’s atmosphere on the origin of life on Earth. Chapter 1 study guide
18.
Discriminate between evolution and natural selection. 19.
Define the following terms: A. autotroph B. heterotroph C. anaerobic D. chemosynthesis E. photosynthesis F. respiration G. endothermic (endergonic) H. exothermic (exergonic) 20.
Outline the effects of photosynthesis on primitive Earth’s atmosphere. 21.
Describe the process of radiometric dating and its implications estimating Earth’s age. Sample questions: 1. What is the difference between a sea and an ocean? (Ch. 1, Section “How Many Oceans
Exist on Earth?”)
2. What invention made accurate open ocean navigation possible by determining longitude?
3. What is a scientific theory? (Ch. 1, Section “Theories and the Truth”)
4. Which of the following would isostatic adjustment apply to? (Ch. 1, Section “Earth’s
Internal Structure”)
a.
b.
c.
d.
The floating of the lithosphere upon denser mantle beneath
The adjustment of species’ behavior/structures (adaptations) to new environments
The adjustment of the amounts of CO2 released during photosynthesis
The formation of our solar system