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文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 本文档下载自文库下载网,内容可能不完整,您可以点击以下网址继续阅读或下载: http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html 中国历史常识一百问 中国历史常识一百问 One Hundred Questions Of Common Knowledge About Chinese History 1. It is said that China ranks first in the number of human fossils and cultural sites dating from the Paleolithic Period, just name the most important ones.(Yuanmou Man, Lantian Man, Peking Man, Dali Man and Upper Cave Man) 2. What is the feature which illustrates the difference between the Paleolithic Period and the Neolithic Period?(P7 data) 3. Besides Pangu’s myth, our Chinese ancestors also created some legends of Chinese ancestors. Why are Youchaoshi, Suirenshi, Fuxishi and Shennongshi so named?(Youchaoshi who taught people how to make houses on the branches of trees; Suirenshi who taught people how to make fire with wood out of chiseling; Fuxishi who taught people to hunt and invented Eight Trigrams; Shennongshi who grew foods and looked for medicine herbs by tasting more than a hundred kinds of herbs and grasses) 4. Why are Chinese people often call themselves http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html“炎黄子孙”?(P11) 5. Who are the three kings and five emperors in ancient China?(p11 Data) 6. It is said that there appeared three famous tribal leaders after Emperor Huangdi. 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ Who are they?(Yao,Shun and Yu) 7. Which is the first dynasty in Chinese history? Who established it and when?(Around 2070BC,Yu established the Xia Dynasty, the first danasty in Chinese history) 8. How long did the Xia dynasty last and who was the last king of that dynasty?(The xia Dynasty lasted 471 years, the last king was Jie) 9. Which dynasty follows the Xia dynasty and which is the next?(Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty) 10. Who led an alliance and toppled the Shang Dynasty and at which battle did he defeat King Zhou?(King Wu led an alliance and toppled the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye.) 11. Who assisted King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty to make his realm rich and powerful?(Duke Zhou ) http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html12. What happened after Duke Zhou exercised authority for King Cheng of the Zhou Dynasty, and how did Duke Zhou deal with the situation?(This aroused the grievance of Guan and Tsai, made the new-born Zhou Dynasty was in a crisis. Duke Zhou sincerely sxplained the truth to Duke zhao and the other dukes as well, to get rid of their suspicion so as to keep the internal unity of the royal family) 13. There are two versions of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period. What are they respectively?(1:Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin, King Zhuang of Chu. 2: Duke Huan of Qi, King Helu of Wu , Duke Wen of Jin, King Goujian of Yue, King Zhuang of Chu) 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 14. How did King Goujian of Yue manage to become the last hegemon of the Spring and Autumn Period?(King Goujian of Yue Underwent Self-imposed Hardships to Wipe out a National Humiliation) 15. By the time of thehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html Warring States Period, which seven vassal states were called the Seven Powers? (Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin) 16. Give a detailed description about the famous battle “besieging Wei and saving Zhao” in the mid-Warring States Period.(P26) 17. Give a detailed description about the famous War of Maling in the Warring States Period.(P27) 18. What does Confucius’ ideology of benevolence mean?(P29) 19. What are Confucius’ proposals on education you have learned?(P29) 20. Name those exponents of the “Hundred Schools of Thought” and their respective Schools.(Confucius was the founder of Confucianism, Laozi was the founder of the Taoist School, Zhuang Zhou is another famous figure of the Taoist School, Mozi initiated the Mohist School, Hanfeizi was the Legalist School.) 21. What does Sun Wu emphasize among his wide-ranging views on war, and what does he especially stress?(P3http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html5) 22. Give a brief definition of the Qin Empire.(P37) 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 23. Who was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, and why did he call himself Qinshihuang?(Ying Zheng was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty. He dreamed his power would be continous and unbroken. He called himself the first Emperor of the Qin Dynasty(Qinshihuang), and his successors would be the second, third and so forth. Therefore, he is known historically as Qinshihuang.) What reforms did Qinshihuang enact to consolidate his power?( The government was presided over by a prime minister,after the unification, Qinshihuang expanded the original Qin's laws and orders to the whole country resulting in a system of unified law, Qinshihuang unified the weights and measures, unified words, to build the Great Wall) 24. Give a detailed description of “burning the books and burying the Confucian scholars”.(P41) 25. Where does thttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlhe Great Wall start and end and how long is its distance? Which provinces, autonomous regions and municipality does it cross?(P43) 26. Who led the first great peasant uprising? Where did it happen and why?(The second Emperor was so cruel that the people were in enmity and the society was in a turmoil. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the first great peasant uprising. It happened in Dazexiang.) 27. Give a brief description of the Hongmen Banquet and the battle at Gaixia respectively.(P49) 28. In the Han Dynasty, What rights did the nobles of Liu clan enjoy 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ after Liu Bang granted territories of the country to them? And What did Emperor Wudi do to strengthen central rule?(P51) 29. Emperor Wudi was considered as the second great emperor in Chinese history. How did he manage to make the great achievements to the country?( 1. The emperor implemented some strengthening centralized syshttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmltem, political consolidate the unity and development of the western han dynasty. 2. The emperor in order to strengthen and consolidate its own rule, adopted the dong "ousted hundred," the author examines the Suggestions, to consolidate the national unity and centralization, the lasting influence on the later history. 3. The emperor in the fight against the huns, the regime of the western han dynasty is more consolidated, more unified country, for the development of economy and culture of the western han dynasty created the extremely advantageous condition. 4. The emperor sent zhang qian two peoples, strengthened the han dynasty and the western economic and cultural exchange. 5. The emperor to develop the south and southwest frontier, make YueZu and southwest minorities and han nationality together better. 6. We will make the chariot wai, settlement and other major efforts to developing agriculture. He is also push forward the generationhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html method of field and new tools, greatly promote the development of agriculture.) 30. How many missions did Zhang Qian go on to the west regions? Where did the Silk Road start and end?(Zhang Qian gone to the west regions twice, the Silk Rold started from coastal ports in today’s Guangdong province, and ended in India by way of Thailand.) 31. To whom was Wang Zhaojun married, and of which nationality is he?(She married with Huhanye, he is the Huns) 32. Who was the author of Records of the Historian, and from which emperor to which 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ emperor did the book cover? (Sima Qian, it starts from the legendary Emperor Huangdi, and ends with the reign of Emperor Wudi of thr Han Dynasty, spanning 3000 years.) 33. Which two instruments did Zhang Heng of the Han Dynasty develop?( He invented Armillary sphere and seismograph) 34. What kind of person Cao Cao was in the famous litterateur in Xuhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html Shao’s eyes?(Xu Shao appraised Cao Cao as an able official in governing the country and an insidious hero in the tumultuous times.) 35. How many expeditions did Zhuge Liang launch northward in an attempt to overthrow Wei and unify the country?( six times) 36. Name three famous battles in the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasties and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.(The Battle Of The Red Cliff ; Eight Kings’ Insurrection in the Western Jin Dynasty; The Battle of Feishui) 37. What measures did Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty to consolidate the reign?(P85) 38. What respectful terms do Chinese people give to Zhang Heng, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Wang Xizhi, Gu Kaizhi and Zu Chongzhi respectively?(Zhang Heng,a pioneering Scientist; Zhang Zhongjing, the saint of Medicine; Hua Tuo, the founder of Surgery; Wang Xizhi, the Saint of Calligraphy; Gu Kaizhi, the Matchless Painter; Zu Chonhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlgzhi, the Remarkable Mathematician.) 39. How did Yang Jian manage to establish the Sui Dynasty and reunify the country?(In 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 581, Yang Jian usurped the throne of the Northern Zhou, and established the Sui Dynasty, in 589, the Sui conquered the Chen Dynasty, and reunified the northern and southern parts of the country.) 40. What provinces does the Grand Canal flow through? In the Yuan Dynasty, from which city to which city did it extend?(The canal flows through today’s Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces; In the Yuan Dynasty, on the model of the old Grand Ganal, people dug the Shandong Canal and the Tonghui River, which extended from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south) 41. Why was the reign of Emperor Taizong in the Tang Dynasty termed as “the Benign Administration of the Zhenguan Reign Period”? What was his famous saying, referring to the emperor?(P99) ://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlpar42. Why do we say the territory ruled by the Tang Dynasty was broader than that of any of the previous dynasties?(P99) 43. Just mention three things Wu Zetian, China’s First Female Monarch, did to her reign.(P101) 44. Give a description of the prosperous scene of the Tang Dynasty during “the Flourishing Kaiyuan Reign Period”.(P103) 45. Why is Princess Wencheng still remembered and loved by the Tibetans?( Princess Wencheng lived in Tubo for 40 years, making great contributions to the friendship between the Han and Tibetan people.) 46. How many years did it take Xuanzang to get to Tianzhu?(a whole year) How many 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ years did he spend staying there?(stayed there for as long as 15 years)How many Buddhist Holy lands did he visit?(six) How old was he when he returned to Chang’an?(at the age of 42) How many Buddhist scriptures did he bring back?(657Buddhist scriptures) How Buddhisthttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html many scriptures did he translate, amounting to how many volumes?(He translated 74 Buddhist scriptures altogether, amounting to about 1305 volumes) 47. On which attempt did Jianzhen succeed in arriving in Japan, and how old was he then? What did he bring with him?(It was only on his sixth attempt that Jianzhen arrived in Japan. At that time, he was already 66 years old. He, with his 23 disciples had brought a great amount of books, the image of Buddhism, Buddhistic scripture, and some other treasure) 48. Name three most famous groups of grottoes and tell where they are.(The three most famous groups of grottoes are the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province, the longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province, and the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province.) 49. How many levels did the regular imperial civil examination have in the Tang Dynasty, and what are they?( It has three levels, such as Xiucaihttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html, Mingjing and Jinshi) 50. Name the five dynasties and ten kingdoms before the Northern Song Dynasty was established.( five dynasties:the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han and Later zhou; ten kingdoms: Former shu,Wu, Min, Wu-Yue, Chu, Southern Han, Southern ping, Later Shu, Southern Tang and Northern Han) 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 51. What caused Zhao Kuangyin to be upset about the central authority?(Not long after Zhao Kuangyin came to the throne, two local military governors revolted against the central authority. It took Zhao Kuangyin a lot lot energy to suppress the revolt, which upset him very much.) 52. How did Zhao Pu persuade Zhao Kuangyin to relieve the generals og their commands?(Zhaopu said the reason was very simple. The chaotic situation in a country lay in the scattering of the military power. The country would be restored to peace as soon as the military power was returned to the cohttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlntrol overall of the central authority.) 53. Illustrate Lord Bao’s espousal of justice with two examples.(P129) 54. How did the Yue army defeat the Jin army?(P131) 55. Who wrote the Song of Integrity and where did he write it?(Wen tianxiang wrote the Song of Integrity, which he wrote behind prison bars) 56. Who established the Yuan Dynasty and unified China into one nation? What did he do to consolidate the reign of the Yuan Dynasty?(Kublai, he established the Zhongshusheng in the central governmrnt as the highest administrative institution, and Xingzhongshusheng in local governments officially as the highest local administrative institutions, called xingsheng for short) 57. Where was Marco Polo from? How long did he stay in China?( Marco Polo was from Venice, Italy, he stay in china 24 years) 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 58. Name the four great inventions.(The technique of Making Paper,The Invention http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlof Compass , The Technique of Printing, Gunpowder and Firearms) 59. Give a detailed description of the Riverside Scene on the Pure Brightness Festival. (P147) 60. Who compiled the Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government? 《资治通鉴》What does the book cover?(Sima Guang compiled,The book is a comprehensive history of China in chronological style covering 1362 years from 403 BC to 959 AD. This magnum opus comprises 294 volumes containing more than 3000000 words.) 61. What measures did Zhu Yuanzhang take after the Ming Dynasty was established, which provided advantageous conditions for the overall development of society, economy and culture nationwide?(P155) 62. What did Zhu Yuanzhang do to strengthen his imperial power?(P155) 63. How many voyages altogether did Zheng He go on diplomatic missions? And how far did he sail?(P157) 64. How many times did Qi Jiguang defeat the Japanese phttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlirates at Taizhou and how long did it take him to succeed in driving the Japanese pirates out from the coastal areas of southeast China?(He fought nine bottles and won nine times, after nearly 10 years of hard fighting, he succeeded in driving the Japanese pirates out from the coastal areas of southeast china by 1565.) 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 65. Tell a detailed story to show why Hai Rui was renowned far and wide as a model of an upright and incorruptible official.(p161) 66. Why could Li Zicheng succeed in enlarging his force to one million and finally overturn the Ming Dynasty?(Li Zicheng won the support of the people in this disaster-stricken area by a policy of land reform and abolition of agricultural taxes. Li’s army grew rapidly to become a million-strong force.) 67. How did Zheng Chenggong win the victory of the recovery of Taiwan?(P165) 68. Give at least five examples to show the great contributionhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmls Kangxi made to the territorial integrity of the country, as well as to its security and prosperity.( 1.The appointment of han Chinese apparatchik, advocates the han culture;2. Pay attention to agricultural production, reduce the burden on farmers; 3.Often touring around, understand people, care about people's sufferings;4.The subjugation of San Francisco;5.take back Taiwan, prevent the expansion of Russia) 69. Give three examples to prove that Yongzheng was a worthy successor to Kangxi as an emperor.( 1.Overhaul management, 2.pay attention to choose and employ persons, 3.emphasize the pragmatic) 70. Why sould we say that Bencao Gangmu was the most scientific description of traditional Chinese medicine of its time?(P172) 71. What contributions did Xu Guangqi made to China? What is his Encyclopedia of Agriculture about?(P172) 72. Why was Song Yingxing named one of the great thhttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmle scientists of Ming 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ Dynasty?(P173) 73. How long did it take Xu Xiake to travel all over China and why is his book Xu Xiake’s Travels still of great importance? (P173) 74. From which year till which year do historians regard as the modern history of China?(From 1840 to 1949) 75. How much opium was destructed at Humen and how long did it take Lin zexu to complete the destruction of the drug?(it’s more than 1100000kg in over 20000 boxes, it took 23 days to complete the destruction of the drug) 76. The result of the First Opium War was the surrender of the Qing Dynasty and the signing of the Treaty of Nanking. What was the government of the Qing Dynasty forced to do under the terms of the first unequal treaty?(P183) 77. After the Taipings occupied Nanjing and made it their capital, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom promulgated the System of Land Ownership of the Heavenly Kingdom. What does it aihttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlm to do?(P186) 78. What treaties were signed after the Second Opium War? What contents did those treaties respectively contain?(P189) 79. Tell the three stages of the Westernization Movement and their respective marks.(P191) 80. In what did the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 result? What did China have to do according to it?(P193) 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 81. What were the main contents of the Wu-xu reform? And how long did the Reform Movement of 1898 last?(P197) 82. Why did Empress Dowager support the Yihetuan at first? Which eight countries allied to suppress the Yihetuan?(P201) 83. What organizations did Dr. Sun Yat-sen set up before the Xin-hai Revolution? What are his “Three People’s Principles”? When was Dr. Sun yat-sen elected Interim President of the Republic of China and when was he elected Chief Councilor of the Nationalist Party?(society for the Revival of China. 84. What caused thehttp://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.html May 4th Movement to happen? What marked the victory of the May 4th Movement? 85. When, where and by whom were the first two communist groups established? When, where and by how many representatives was the first National Conference of the Communist Party of China held, and what happened at the conference?(P213) 86. After what event did the first KMT-CPC cooperation take place, and what was its significance? 87. After what events and when was the Nanchang Uprising initiated and who led the uprising? 88. When and from where did the main force of the Red Army begin the Long March, and when and where did the Long March complete? What was the significance of the Zunyi Conference? 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ 89. Give a brief account about the Sptember 18th Incident. 90. What happened in Beiping on December 9th? What happened following it? And what is the significance of the December 9th Movement?://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlpar 91. Why did the two generals zhang Xueliang and Yanghucheng launch a coup and arrest Chiang Kai-shek on the night of December 12, 1936? 92. Give a brief account about the July 7th Incident. 93. How many Japanese soldiers were wiped out in the battle of Pingxing Pass? Why was “the victory at Pingxing Pass” so highly evaluated and what was the significance of Taierzhuang Victory? 94. What principle of peaceful construction of the country did CPC representatives argue during the Chongqing Negotiations? 95. Write the events according the time order to see a general review of the War of Liberation: In June 1946: In February 1947: In March 1947: By June 1947: From July 1947: 文库下载 免费文档下载 http://www.wenkuxiazai.com/ By August 1948: From September 12th, 1948 to January 31st, 1949: On April 21st, 1949: On April 23rd, 1949: By June 1950: ://www.wenkuxiazai.com/doc/e489d004daef5ef7bb0d3c14.htmlr96. What did the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference decide? 97. How many campaigns did the Chinese People’s Volunteers launch when they fought side by side with the Korean People’s Army and forced the US forces back beyond the 38th Parallel? 98. When was the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Issue of Hong Kong signed? When and where was the hand-over ceremony held? 99. When was the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration on the Issue of Macao signed? 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