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WESTERN RELIGIONS IN CHINA Judaism In the Northwest, South, Kaifeng Zhao Yingcheng (Moshe ben Abram) [fl. 1653] Islam Problem of sources Arrival of the Muslims By the old Silk Roads By the sea route Battle of the Talas River & An Lushan rebellion Tang Dynasty Xian’s Great Mosques Mongol Rule Yunnan Ming dynasty The Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368-1398) Imperial efforts at assimilation Chinese converts = 回 Huí Wang Daiyu (1580-1650?) Veritable Explanation of the True Religion (1642) Repression and the Qing The New Teaching Christianity Nestorian Christianity Emperor Taizong 太宗 (600-49) Changan 長安 Emperor Wuzong 武宗 814-846 Medieval Roman Catholicism mendicants Modern Catholic missionaries Society of Jesus (founded 1540) Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) “Scientific Mission”: Technical approach to conversion clocks, mathematics, cartography, interpreters, painters, musicians Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) Rites Controversy Chinese clergy The Kangxi Emperor 康熙 (1662-1722) Pope Clement XI (1700-21)