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Chapter 5-1 Canada Regional Atlas pg 113 Text CD ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1. What are 3 landforms that Canada shares with the US? 2. What are Canada’s main economic regions? 3. Which city in Canada is its chief manufacturing and communications center? A Resource Rich Country - Vikings land here AD 1000 - Niagara Falls in the SE - Grizzly Bears in the west Canada’s Landscape - Located north of contiguous US - 2nd largest country in the world in land area o Russia is larger - 5,522 mile undefended border with US o Longest in the world o Bordered by Atlantic on the east Pacific on the west Arctic on the north - 10 provinces (states) - 3 territories o Political subdivisions - Newfoundland and Labrador - Maritime Provinces o Nova Scotia o New Brunswick o Prince Edward Island - Quebec - Ontario - Prairie Provinces o Manitoba Saskatchewan o Alberta - British Columbia - Territories o Yukon o NW Territories o Nunavut Once part of NW Territories 1999 Homeland of the Inuit Effect of Glaciers - Covered Canada 1000s of years ago - Continental glacier - Created large, low basin - Surrounded by highlands on the north, east, and west - Water filled the lowlands o Many lakes o Inland waterways More than any other country - Canadian Shield o - Horseshoe shaped area - Wraps around Hudson Bay o Rocky hills o Worn down by erosion o 1000s of lakes o Wilderness region - Many mineral resources found here o Iron ore o Copper o Nickel o Gold o Uranium - Cold climate and location keep many from living here - To the north – Arctic Islands o Much of landscape consists of tundra Rolling Treeless plains Only top few inches thaw each year Permafrost Southern Canada from the Atlantic to Pacific - Many of Canada’s physical features extend down into the US o Appalachian highlands o Laurentian Highlands Valleys dotted with farms Forest also in the region Many deepwater harbors along the coast o St Lawrence River and Great Lakes located here Form the major waterway linking central Canada with the Atlantic Coast - St Lawrence Seaway o System of locks and canals o Barges carry grain, coal and more through here o Shared by Canada and US o Humid continental climate Long cold winters Short warm summers o Area with most of Canada’s urban centers, industries and farms o Toronto located here Canada’s largest city Canadian Great Plains - Shared with the US - Prairie o Rolling inland grassy area o Fertile soil o Farmed and ranched Once held large herds of buffalo Rocky Mountains are also shared by US and Canada - Part of the area called the cordillera o Group of mountain ranges that run side by side - Major tourist area o Banff and Jasper National Park - West of the Rockies you cross a high plateau until you meet the Coast Mountains o Run along Canada’s Pacific coast o Form another part of the cordillera - String of islands off the west coast o Actually peaks of underwater mountains - Canada’s highest peak o Mt. Logan o 19,551 feet o Near border with Alaska - British Columbia o Southwestern Pacific coastline o Similar to that of WA and OR o Marine West Coast Climate Only area of Canada with wet mild winters Capital of BC is Victoria Known for its gardens year round Canada’s Economic Regions - Known for o fertile farmland o Rich natural resources o Skilled workers - Major economic activities o Manufacturing o Farming o Service industries - Free market economy o Limited government involvement - Canada’ government o Plays a more direct role in the Canadian economy Provide health care for its citizens Broadcasting, transportation and electric power are heavily regulated Necessary for Canada’s remote areas - Canadian industry o Located near the ocean Along the US-Canadian border Near oil and coal deposits Eastern Canada - Fishing traditionally the major industry o Newfoundland and Labrador o Maritime Provinces - Grand Banks o o o o Off the coast of Newfoundland Best fishing grounds in the world Area has been overfished Now regulated by the government Sets limits on number of fish that can be taken - Now most of the people of the Maritimes hold manufacturing, mining and tourism jobs - Halifax o Major shipping center o Open harbors most of the year Quebec and Ontario - Manufacturing and service industries - Canada’s largest province – Quebec o Ag and fishing also important o Montreal Important port on the St Lawrence River Canada’s 2nd largest city Major financial and industrial center o Quebec Founded by French in 1608 Capital of Quebec province Many historic sites Popular with tourists - Ontario o 2nd largest province o Most populated o Greatest wealth o Produces more than ½ of Canada’s manufactured goods o Southern area also has fertile land and a growing season long enough to farm Grains, fruits and vegetables Raise beef and dairy cattle o Toronto Canada’s largest city Capital of Ontario Country’s chief manufacturing, financial and communications center o Ottawa National capital Lies in Ontario Many government workers here The Prairie Provinces - Farming and ranching in the Prairie Provinces o Most exported to Europe and Asia - Manitoba - Saskatchewan o Has some of the world’s largest oil reserves - Alberta o Has some of the world’s largest oil reserves o Like Sask – they have pipelines that distribute oil and natural gas to other parts of Canada and the US Canada is the 5th largest energy producer in the world - British Columbia o Thick Forests Cover much of BC Makes Canada world’s leading newsprint producer Paper used in printing newspapers/magazines o Fishing, mining and tourism also prominent in the economy of BC Fishing fleets catch salmon and other fish in the Pacific o Vancouver Canada’s main Pacific port NAFTA - 1994 - North American Free Trade Agreement o US o Canada o Mexico - $1 billion worth of trade between US and Canada daily - Created in 1994 to remove trade barriers o Some Canadians worried that they would become too dependent on the US o Worried that US would dominate the partnership Section 1 Assessment Pg 163