Download Cell Biology - SC286Organisms

Brad Barton
What makes up a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic cell’s have a membrane bound nuclei
They contain specialised structures known as
organelles
2 Different types of cells
What is a cell organelle?
Eukaryotic organisms have specialises
structures known as organelles. Organelles are
small structures within cells that perform
different tasks
Organelle means little organ, each organelle is a
little organ that preforms specific tasks
What do organelles do?
Function Create chemical
energy from
solar energy
Chloroplasts
- A plastid usually found in plant cells
- Contain green chlorophyll where photosynthesis
takes place
Nucleus
- Spherical shape
- Visible when cell is not dividing
- Contains DNA for protein manufacture
The “brains” of the cell, the
nucleus directs cell activities
and contains genetic
material called
chromosomes made of DNA.
Endoplasmic reticulum
- Tubular network fused to nuclear membrane
- Goes through cytoplasm onto cell membrane
- Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport system
- Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
- Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface
Function Transports all
types of things
around the cell
PTO
What do organelles do? Continued
Ribosomes
Function - Each cell contains thousands
Make protein
- Miniature 'protein factories'
- Composes 25% of cell's mass
- Stationary type: embedded in rough endoplasmic reticulum
- Mobile type: injects proteins directly into cytoplasm
Function Makes energy
Mitochondria
out of food
- Second largest organelle with unique genetic structure
- Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds called cristae
- Energy-producing chemical reactions take place on cristae
- Controls level of water and other materials in cell
- Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, and
forms urea
Function Supports the cell
Cell wall
- Most commonly found in plant cells
- Controls turgity
- Extracellular structure surrounding plasma membrane
- Primary cell wall: extremely elastic
- Secondary cell wall: forms around primary cell wall after growth is complete
Difference between animal and plant cells
• The main difference between animal and plant cells is
that plant cells have chloroplasts
• Plants have a rigid cell wall while animals do not
• Animals have phagocytic cells while plants do not
• Plants have chloroplasts which enable them to
photosynthesize unlike animals
• Plant cells also contain a larger enclosed by a
membrane compared to animal cells.
• Animal cells depend on an analogous system of gapjunctions to communicate between cells, plant cells use
linking pores in their cell wall to connect to each other
and pass information.
Bibliography
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer/genetics_cell.html
http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/Life/cell_organelles.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/difference-between-animal-andplant-cells/