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Transcript
Roman Military & Punic War –Guided Notes The Roman Military • • • • • • • • • • Army was comprised of professional soldiers who were ________________________ _____________ and ___________________ prospects entice enlistment Non-citizens were promised _____________ after _________ of loyal service Also received choice of __________ or _____________ when soldiers retired Roman citizens usually made good soldiers because they were brought up to value ________________________, and _________________________. If a soldier showed ________________ he usually was praised and promoted. If a unit fled during battle _______________ soldiers in the legion were put to death. Roman soldiers _______________________ to Rome Loyalty to the _______________ was reinforced through religious holidays or holidays honoring leaders Men who served were in fact loyal to Rome and its ideals The Roman Military – Legions • • • • • Centurion commanded _______________ (century) A _____________ was made up of 6 centuries (480 men) ____ cohorts made a legion that was supported with a ________________________________ A legion was made up of ________________________ men Majority of legions protected Roman __________________ The Roman Military – Training • • • • Military training was rigorous and involved _____________ ______________training Extensive training with various _______________________ Responsible for ___________________________________ and protective ___________ Maintain constant presence in _______________ territories The Roman Military – Weapons & Armor Weapons • • • • Gladius – _______________________ _________ – A throwing spear Hasta – ______________________ Dagger Additional Notes: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ Armor & Protection • • • • Shield – Large rectangular, curved shield Metal Helmet – Protected the face, head & neck Armor – Overlapping metal bands protecting the shoulders and chest Leather Sandals Roman Military - Training • • • Soldiers would march and drill often This was important for learning _______________ in battle New recruits were given shields and swords ____________ _______________________________ Conquered Lands • • Conquered lands were usually granted _________________ Could keep their ________________________________ as long as they ________________ and supplied the Roman army with _____________ Protection & Unification • • • To protect its conquests, Roman soldiers were stationed throughout the land. ____________ were built to link distant territories to Rome. • “All Roads Lead To Rome” Latin Language emerged as the spoken language Rome’s Power Grows • Rome’s Commercial Network • Rome establishes a large ________________ network. • Access to the _____________________ provides many trade routes. • ________________, a powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome. Punic Wars • Rome's first territorial conquest outside of Italy was ____________________________. • Rome wanted Carthage for two reasons: • Carthage controlled Sicily, a valuable source of _____. • The _________ of Carthage was a threat; it controlled _________________________ in the Mediterranean, and hindered trade at sea for Rome. Additional Notes: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ First Punic War • • • • • • • • • Primarily a _____________________ Tactics: maneuver ship to ram and sink enemy Carthage: very good, experienced naval power Rome: small navy, little experience Defeated repeatedly by Carthaginian navy Rome would not ___________________ Finally turned tables on Carthage by changing ____________ ________________________ • Equipped ships with huge ___________ • Stationed __________________ on ships • Would hook enemy ship, pull nearby, _______ __________________________ • Converted naval warfare into _____________ ________________ • Something Rome was very good at • Won First Punic War as a result The Carthaginians signed a treaty making _______________ the first Roman province. Rome also took the islands of _________ and ____________. Second Punic War • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Carthage grows despite ___________________ in the First Punic War. They expanded their empire into ____________ and were advancing _____________, closer to Italy. Rome sees Carthage growing and ______________________ Rome demanded that the greatest of all Carthaginian generals, _______________, surrender a city in Northern Spain - Saguntum (a Roman ally). He refused, and _______________________ on Italy instead. Carthaginian general Hannibal ________________________ leads army from Spain, through southern France and ______ ______________ with ______________________ invades Italy from the ___________ Defeats Roman armies sent to stop him several times but hesitates to _______________________________ Too well _______________________ Before attacking Rome he needed _____________________ He sent ______________________, Hasdrubal. The Romans __________________ his messengers. After learning the location of his armies the Romans crushed them & delivered Hastrubal's _________________________ In anger, Hannibal moves toward Rome and _____________ __________________ as he advances Additional Notes: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ • • • • • • • • Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, a Roman army _________ ______________________________, landed in North Africa, and headed for ___________________ Led by patrician general _____________ Hannibal was ______________________ Italy to __________ Carthage _____________ in a __________ fought outside the walls of Carthage Hannibal is pursued by the Romans & __________________ Carthage is finished as a _______________ Lost ___________________ to Rome ________________ destroyed Third Punic War – Don’t Mess With Rome • • • • Some in Rome feared Carthage would __________________ and pushed for another war to ________________________ Carthage was basically _________________________ Romans were so angry about Hannibal's attack on Rome and the Italian peninsula they ____________________________ A continent is renamed Additional Notes: __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________
