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The Punic Wars Romans felt threatened by the Carthaginians (Carthage was a Phoenician city in North Africa → modern day Tunisia) Romans also wanted Sicily’s granaries The First Punic War Lasted 23 years Carthaginians had a strong navy Rome had a strong army but built their first naval ships to fight Carthage Romans improved warships by adding a corvus to front of each ship corvus – moveable bridge in front of ship that allowed soldiers to board enemy ships Romans defeated the Carthaginians in 241 B.C.E. Hannibal and the Second Punic War Began in 218 B.C.E. Carthaginians led by General Hannibal Barca attacked the Roman army by traveling through Spain, Gaul (France), and crossing the Alps into Italy Carthaginians’ army got to Rome but could not break down city’s walls Unable to capture Rome, Hannibal and his troops roamed Italy’s countryside for 15 years (raided & burned towns, destroyed crops) Romans attacked Carthage Hannibal went home to defend Carthage Carthage lost war Carthage had to pay Rome huge sums of money, and give up several territories, including Spain The Third Punic War After 50 years of peace, Carthage began to regain power Romans attacked Carthage in 149 B.C.E. Romans burned Carthage, plowed salt into fields (crops could not grow) Killed Carthaginians or sold into slavery Greek city-state of Corinth refused to obey Roman laws Romans attacked Corinth and burned it to the ground Greece now under Roman rule Rome became leading power of Mediterranean world