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Transcript
10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! ! ! ! ! B2 - Revision! ! Topic 3- Common Systems! ! Name:_____________! ! Lesson Topic B2.25 Fossils and Evolution B2.26 Growth B2.27 Blood B2.28 The Heart B2.29 The Circulatory System B2.30 The Digestive System B2.31 Breaking Down Food B2.32 Villi B2.33 Enzymes Concentration: PCA B2.34 Probiotics and Prebiotics ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Prior to Quick After Rerevision Check/ vision RAG Revision? RAG 10Z2 - Miss McConachie Key Terms ! Term ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Definition 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! B2.25 - Fossils and evolution! ! What is a fossil? ! ! ! ! ! How are they formed?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! How does the fossil record suggest that organisms have evolved over time?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! The fossil record is incomplete and has many gaps. These gaps mean that scientists must interpret how organisms change over time from incomplete data. How might this lead some people to believe in divine intelligence and not evolution?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! What else may have caused these gaps?! ! ! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! ! B2.26 - Growth! What is growth?! ! ! ! ! How does growth differ in plants and animals? Use the table below to match up the key ! characteristics:! ! ! ! animal plant ! ! ! cell division occurs at meristems ! often can grow continuously ! roots and tips only ! ! cells lose the ability to most growth is due to cell ! differentiate early - except for enlargement, not dividing ! stem cells (increase in cell size) ! ! most cells never lose the ability cell divison occurs all over the ! ! to differentiate body in most tissues ! ! growth is due to cell division ! tend to grow to a maximum size (increasing the number of cells) ! ! ! ! Questions: ! ! 1. A balloon gets bigger when you blow it up but this isn’t growth. Why not?! ! ! ! ! ! 2. What is the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3. Why is it relatively easy to grow an entire plant from a single meristem cell but impossible (so far) to grow a new adult animal from a single adult stem cell. ! ! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! B2.27 - Blood! ! Complete the table to show the main components of blood and their functions. ! ! Component Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Function !! ! !! ! !! ! !! ! ! ! Describe 3 specialisations of a red blood:! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Draw a diagram to show how specific (lymphocytes) and non-specific (phagocytes) defend the body against pathogens. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! ! B2.28 - The Heart! ! Label the diagram of the heart: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Colour the oxygenated components of the heart RED and the deoxygenated components BLUE.! ! Describe the flow of blood around the body beginning with the VENA CAVA. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! ! Questions: ! ! 1. Why is the muscular wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2. Why is the heart sometimes called a ‘double pump’?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3. What is the function of the valves in the heart?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! B2.29 - The Circulatory System! ! Describe the features of the 3 main blood vessels in the body:! ! ! Arteries Capillaries Veins ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! What is their What is the ! How does their structure help job? structure of the wall? them do their job? ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! B2.30 & B2.31- The Digestive System & Breaking down food! ! B2.30 The digestive system Label the components of the Digestive system:! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! © Pearson Education Ltd 2011. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. This document may have been altered from the original. Describe the passage of food throughout the digestive system. Be sure to include information about the enzymes and how they are used to digest fats, proteins and starch. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! Questions: ! ! 1. What is the role of the pancreas, liver and gall bladder in the digestive system?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2. What is peristalsis and why is it so important in the digestive system?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3. Describe two roles of bile in the digestive system.! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 4. What is the optimum pH for pepsin and how does the stomach provide this environment?! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! B2.32 - Villi! ! the Small Intestine ! Inside ! 1. Digested food passes into blood by diffusion ! 2. Bigger surface areas = more diffusion ! 3. Finger-like folds called Villi increase surface area of small intestine ! 4. ! ! ! Features of a Villus to speed up diffusion ! 1. Good network of capillaries moving absorbed nutrients ! 2. Low concentration of food ! 3. Steep concentration gradient maintained ! 4. Wall is a single cell layer (shorter distance ! ! to diffuse) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Questions: ! ! 1. What adaptations does the small intestine have for absorption?! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2. What effect does Coeliac disease have on the villi in the intestines?! ! ! ! ! ! ! 3. How can this information be used as evidence for the importance of a large surface area in the absorption of digested food?! ! ! ! 10Z2 - Miss McConachie ! B2.34 - Probiotics and Prebiotics! ! ! Plant Stanol Esters! Oily substances in plants! • Stop the small intestine absorbing cholesterol! • Lowers blood cholesterol! • Use in many foods like yogurt and spreads. • Probiotics! Live bacteria – friendly or beneficial! • Bifidobacteria or Lactobacillus! • They produce lactic acid in your gut and companies claim they improve • health! NOT ENOUGH EVIDENCE to support the claims they are effective! • Prebiotics! • Substances the body cannot digest! • They act as food for the beneficial bacteria! • Oligosaccharides are a common form of prebiotic (contained in tomatoes, onions and asparagus)! • Also found in specially made dairy foods and sold as capsules! • Increasing evidence supports their positive effect on health
