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AP US History Unit 6: Civil War and Reconstruction April 12, 1861 South Carolina Lincoln sends supplies to the arsenal with US Navy. South Carolina sees this as a threat and bombards fort for 34 hours. South takes the fort. Lincoln responds by calling for 75,000 troops. The Civil War begins…. July 21, 1861 Manassas, Va. Union: McDowell Confederacy: Beauregard/Jackson The arrival of Confederate reinforcements helps the South cause a Union retreat. Southern victory sends a message to the North that this will not be a short and easy war. March 9, 1862 Hampton Roads, Va. Union: “Monitor” Confederacy: “Merimack” or “Virginia”. Fights to a draw. This ended the threat of the Confederacy breaking the Union blockade of southern ports. Spring, 1862/ June 26-July 2, 1862 James and York Rivers en route to Richmond. Union: McClellan Confederacy: Jackson/Lee McClellan slow to move. Overcautious without reinforcements (they were never received) He never invaded Richmond. The Seven Days battle was Lee’s counter attack which pushed the Union back for a victory for the South. Richmond was successfully defended. August 29-30, 1862 Manassas, Va. Union: John Pope Confederates: Lee Southern victory provides Lee with confidence to move on Border State Maryland. Lee and Confederates abandon original battle plan. What were they hoping for? September 17, 1862 Antietam Creek, Md. Union: McClellan Confederates: Lee Union finds Lee’s battle plans and stop the Confederate’s advancement. The wars turning point. The bloodiest single day battle of the war. Union “victory” gives Lincoln the needed momentum to deliver the Emancipation Proclamation. This changes the character of the war to more of a moral crusade. July 1-3, 1863 Gettysburg, Pa. Union: George Meade Confederates: Lee/Pickett 92,000 Union vs. 76,000 Confederate Union victory during “Pickett’s Charge” This was the last chance for a Southern victory. This was the northernmost advancement for the Confederacy in all of the war. Broke the back and will of the Confederates. Lincoln delivers Gettysburg address. July 4, 1863 Vicksburg, Ms. Union: Grant Confederates: John Pemberton Grant and Union lay siege to the city of Vicksburg The Union victory gives them control over the Mississippi River. September, 1864 Atlanta and Savanna, Georgia Union: William Tecumseh Sherman “Total War” Destruction of Georgia’s economy Burning of cities, homes, crops, cattle, and derailing of RR. Weakened morale of Confederate soldiers May-June 1864 Northern Virginia Grant’s offensive maneuvering against Lee to get closer to Richmond. Both sides suffered heavy losses. Although the Union lost more men, the Confederates couldn’t replenish and were surrounded at Richmond. Leads to the siege and take over of Richmond. April, 1865 Appomattox, Va. Union: Grant Confederates: Lee Lee surrenders to Grant ending the Civil War. “There is nothing left for me to do, but to go and see General Grant and I would rather die a thousand deaths.” Robert E. Lee Thomas Jonathan “Stonewall” Jackson George Pickett Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard Ulysses S Grant George McClellan William Sherman George Meade