Download classifying life

What do we need to know?
You should be able to compare and contrast the
diversity of organisms due to adaptations to
show how organisms have evolved as a result of
environmental changes
- Diversity based on kingdoms, phyla, and
classes (e.g., internal/external structure, body
temperature, size, shape)
How organisms
are classified
•
Scientists organize different
organisms by sorting, or
classifying, them into groups
according to shared
characteristics.
•
Classifying helps scientists
identify, study, group, and name
organisms.
•
The broadest group is a
Kingdom
•
The narrowest group is a
Species
What are animals?
Vertebrates vs. Invertebrates
The Animal Kingdom
All animals are multicellular. The animal and
plant kingdom are the only kingdoms that
include only multicellular organisms
Animals do NOT make their own food, but
animals must consume other organisms to get
energy
The Animal Kingdom
The organisms in this
kingdom belong to two
major groups: Vertebrate
and Invertebrate
Vertebrate- Animal with a
backbone
Invertebrate- An animal
without a backbone
Invertebrates &
Vertebrates
Mollusks, echinoderms,
arthropods
Mollusks, such as clams and
snails, are mainly shelled
animals
Echinoderms include sea stars,
sea cucumbers, and sea
urchins
Arthropod phylum is the largest
invertebrate phylum
They are mostly insects and
include spiders, crabs, and
lobsters
All vertebrates belong to the
phylum chordata and the
animals are called chordates.
All vertebrates have a
backbone, nervous system, and
a brain
There are 7 classes within the
Vertebrate group: amphibians,
reptiles, birds, mammals, and
three classes of fish
Mammals are the most familiar
vertebrate group which include
dogs, horses, kangaroos, and
HUMANS
Plant Kingdom
• Cell walls are a key feature for
identifying members of certain
kingdoms
• Organisms from only two
kingdoms have a cell wall:
Plant and Fungi
• The plant kingdom includes
about 350,000 plant species
and all plants are multicellular
• All plants make their own food
Plant Kingdom
Vascular means “contains
tubes or vessels”
Nonvascular plants do not
have vascular tissue
Vascular plants have a
system of vessels that run up
and down the body of the
plant
These plants tend to be much
smaller than vascular plants
and grow close to the ground
The vascular tissue carries
water and nutrients up from
the plant’s roots to its leaves
Ferns, pine trees, and
flowering plants are vascular
Moss, Hornwort, and
Liverwort are all examples of
nonvascular plants
(See Page 40)
Fungus Kingdom
Fungi include organisms such
as mushrooms, yeast, and
molds
•
Most fungi are multicellular
•
•
•
Yeast is unicellular
Fungi must get food from other
organisms. Most fungi get
energy by breaking down dead
or decaying plants and animals.
•
You might find mushrooms
attached to a rotting log in a
forest
Fungus Kingdom
Can live in almost any
dark and wet place, such
as a basement.
Most fungi are used by
humans. Yeast is used to
make bread rise
You might find mold
growing on bread, fruit,
or other food
Mold and yeast are also
used to make some
foods, such as cheese.
Fungi can even grow on
the human body
Some fungi are also used
to make medicine
What are bacteria and
protists?
Bacteria & Archaea
Unicellular organisms have no
nucleus and mitochondria
Some bacteria can cause disease
and infections, such as food
poisoning and strep throat
Some bacteria are useful; cows
cannot digest grass without the
help or archaea and we have
bacteria in our intestines that
helps us break down food.
Protist
Unicellular and multicellular
organisms that either make
their own food or eat other
organisms
Much larger than bacteria but
most are still microscopic
Protists include algae,
amoebas, and slime molds
Viruses
Not living organisms, according
to scientists, because they do not
carry out lifes basic processes.
Some viruses are not harmful.
Some viruses enter the body of a
living thing, take over some of its
cells, and cause the organism to
get sick.
Common cold is caused by a
virus, chicken pox, polio, and HIVAIDS