Download Classification Power Point Notes – RE

Classification Notes
Why Do We Classify?
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History of Classification
- Aristotle
• Greek philosopher
• Divided organisms into 2 groups - ____________________ and ______________________.
• Divided animals into 3 groups according to how they ________________________.
1.
2.
3.
- Carolus Linnaeus
• Classified plants and animals according to similarities in __________________________.
• Divided living things into one of two kingdoms, __________________ or Animal.
• Divided each of the kingdoms into smaller groups called __________________ (genus).
• Divided each genera into smaller groups called species.
The Evolution of Our Classification System
• The ____________________ System is used by scientists all over the world, but has been
expanded to include new and different living things as they are __________________.
It will continue to grow as human knowledge grows.
Classification Terminology
• CLASSIFICATION –
• TAXONOMY –
• ORGANISM –
• BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE –
• EVOLUTION –
Our Current Classification System

The classification system in use today places each living thing into a series of specific
groups based on similarities and differences in body structure, _________________ and
____________________.
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The largest group into which any living thing can be classified is its
____________________. Followed by . . .
P
C
O
F
G
S
Our Hierarchical System
• Taxonomists divide organisms into a series of groups (divisions) that get more and
more specific.
– ___________________ include the largest numbers of organisms.
– Species include only one type of organism.
• Moving from kingdom to species
– groups increase in commonality and evolutionary relationships, but
__________________ in size (fewer numbers).
The Kingdoms
1. Moneran Kingdom
• Bacteria
–
–
–
–
–
- Harmful Bacteria
• Some bacteria can attack plants.
• In human hosts, bacteria cause illness but in most cases, humans can be treated with
_________________.
• Sterilization and ___________________ can help prevent infection.
- Helpful Bacteria
• “Friendly bacteria” not only helps produce the __________ we eat and keeps the soil
fertile; it also helps us digest our food.
- Archaebacteria
–
– “extremophiles”
– found in harsh conditions such as volcanic vents at the bottom of the sea
- Eubacteria
–
– blue-green algae
– Most bacteria are in this kingdom
2. Protist Kingdom
• aka - protozoans
•
•
•
•
- Classification of Protists
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Protists are classified based on how they obtain __________________ and how they
__________________.
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Protozoans
Algae
Fungus-Like
3. Fungus Kingdom
• Examples – mushrooms, _____________________, yeasts and ____________________.
• Most fungi are ______________________________ (yeast is unicellular).
• All fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs.
• Fungi can be found almost everywhere on _______________, but only a few live in
fresh water.
- The Importance of Fungi
• Decomposers
– Break down ________________ organisms
– Return nutrients to the _________________
• Drugs are produced
– _______________________
• Food supply
– mushrooms, truffles
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Yeast
- Fermentation which causes _____________ and produces carbon dioxide to
make bread.
- "Model organisms" for studying problems in ____________________ and
molecular biology.
- Bad Fungi?
• Animal diseases
–
–
• Plant diseases
–
–
4. Plant Kingdom
• multicellular
•
• Autotrophs
– make food through the process of ________________________
• Examples
– ferns, flowers, shrubs
– Trees
• Conifers
• Deciduous
5. Animal Kingdom
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Heterotroph
• Invertebrates
–
–
–
• Vertebrates
–
–
–
–
* The organization of ____________________ is ever changing!