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Download Identify one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
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• 2/3 Focus: – After the death of Muhammad, Arab fighters spread Islam over three continents. – Because the Arabs treated conquered people in a fair way, many people converted to Islam willingly • Do Now: – Identify one of the Five Pillars of Islam? • 2/4 Focus: – Under the Umayyad Caliphs, Islamic rule spread. However, internal problems weakened the Umayyads and led to their fall • Important Terms: • Caliph, Caliphate, Toleration • Do Now: – Who did Muslim’s refer to as the “people of the book”? The Caliphate • The period when Muslims were ruled by a caliph and Islam expanded – Caliph • Successor to Muhammad • Abu Bakr was elected to be the 1st caliph • Islamic Expansion • Under Abu Bakr and Umar (his successor) Islamic armies conquered: – Parts of the Byzantine empire – The Persian empire – Egypt • Reasons for Muslim Success • Very strong warriors – Calvary (horses and camels) • Byzantine and Persia were weak • Muslim leaders treated conquered people fairly – Led many to convert to Islam Divisions in Islam • Divisions developed over how a caliph should be chosen • Civil war develops between the Umayyad clan and the followers of Muhammad’s cousin Ali – Umayyad are victorious • Leads to a permanent split in Islam – Sunnis – Shiites • Shiite followers mark the killing of Imam Husayn by the Umayyad. Husayn lead a revolt against the Umayyad by self flagellation Divisions in Islam Sunnis • Believed that the Caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders • Did not see the caliph as a religious authority Shiites • Believed that only the descendants of Muhammad should be caliph • • The Umayyad Dynasty • Expanded the Islamic empire – the Indus Valley and Chinese border – North Africa – Spain • Defeat at the Battle of Tours stopped their advance into Europe • The Umayyad Dynasty • Built the Dome of the Rock Mosque • Allowed for religious toleration of Jews and Christians – Acceptance; allowed to practice their religion – “The People of the Book” – Restrictions • they were not allowed to spread their religion • Had to pay heavy taxes End of the Umayyad Dynasty • Expansion led to tensions – rich and poor – Sunnis and Shiites • The Abbasid family unites opposition in a revolt against Umayyad rule – Destroy the Umayyad family in 750 – Begins the Abbasid Dynasty Closure • What was the name given to Muhammad’s successors? • What are the two major divisions/sects in Islam? • Identify two areas where Islam spread after the death of Muhammad.