Download From Arabia to China - Etiwanda E

Islamic Civilization
By Kim Jones
October 12, 2007
Introduction
Originates in Arabia
 Founder is Muhammad
 Large empires built
 Faith spreads:
1. conquest
2. trade
 Cultural advancements
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Geography
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Bedouins – desert nomads
Merchant caravans
Trade routes develop - Makkah
Muhammad’s Teachings
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Allah – “Surrendering to the will of God”
All people are equal
Rich should share with the poor
Lead a good life = reward
Evildoers punished
Quran = holy book of Islam
Opposition to Islam
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Wealthy merchants & religious leaders
Take away power
Beat and tortured followers
Hijrah – move to Yathrib (Madinah)
Government
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Islamic state – political power to uphold
Islam
Muhammad built an army in Madinah
A.D. 630 Makkah signs treaty & becomes
Islam’s holy city
Law code based on Quran & Sunna
The 5 Pillars of Islam
1.
2.
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5.
Confession of faith
Prayer five times a day
Alms – giving to the poor (charity)
Ramadan – ritual fasting
Pilgrimage to Makkah
Growing Empires
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First caliph – Abu Bakr
spread to all Arabia
Second caliph – Umar
spread to Syria, Egypt, and Persia
Third caliph – Uthman spread into
Afghanistan and eastern Mediterranean
By A.D. 750 Islam spread throughout
North Africa and into modern day Spain
Ottoman Empire (Turks) – Suleiman I
Moguls (India) - Akbar
Islam Splits
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Sunnis – the teachings of Muhammad
Shiites – must be related to Muhammad
Ummayads – First dynasty where rulers
followed teachings of Muhammad.
Supported by Sunnis
Abassids – Dynasty after Ummayads
Life in Arabia
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Sunna = customs based on Muhammad’s words
and deeds
Most Muslims – villages
Traders’ success – Arabic language & coins
Cities – centers of government, learning, & arts
Mosques – worship, schools, courts
Social Structure
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Top: Government officials, landowners,
merchants/traders
Artisans, farmers, workers
Bottom: Enslaved people – not Muslims
Men’s roles – government, society,
business
Women’s roles – run families, inherit
wealth, own property
Ahievements
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Scholars preserved learning
Algebra & Arabic numerals 0-9
Perfected Greek astrolabe to measure Earth
Founders of chemistry
Al-Razi – chemist, developed system of
categorizing, wrote books on identifying
diseases.
Ibn Sina – blood circulates, diseases spread
Art & Architecture
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Omar Khayyam – poet, mathematician,
astronomer, philosopher. Rubaiyat
The Thousand and One Nights
Art based on Islam – flowers, leaves, stars
Mosques & palaces
Quiz
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What is the first pillar of Islam?
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A. Profession of faith that Allah is the one and
only God and that Mohammad is his prophet.
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B. The mosque is the only place to worship.
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C. You must read the Quran every day.
You’re Correct!
The first pillar of Islam was the Profession of
faith that Allah was the one and only God
and that Muhammad was his prophet.
Try Again!
Works Cited