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Honors Ancient History Final Exam Review Part II • Which of the following was an effect of the Crusades? • European kings gained more political power. • Important trade routes were destroyed. • Knights gained political power. • Roman Catholics became more tolerant of Eastern Orthodoxy and Judaism. • Which of the following was not a challenge Europeans faced during the late Middle Ages? • Papal disputes and heresy • the Hundred Years War • The Black Death • Overpopulation of cities • The African king responsible for bringing Africa, specifically the Empire of Mali, to the attention of Europe was • Ezana. • Lalibela. • Sundiata. • Mansa Musa. • The growth of European learning and universities during the Middle Ages were mostly influenced by ____ scholarship. • Christian • Islamic • Roman • Elvis • • • • • The Black Death led to the collapse of the medieval manor system. greater religious tolerance in Western Europe. massive witch hunts throughout Europe. the end of the Hundred Years’ War. • The Byzantine legacy includes the preservation of ancient Greco-Roma heritage and served as a buffer between the Christian west and the ____ east. • middle • Muslim • warring • Orthodox • Which of the following was one effect of the Crusades? • The feudal system strengthened. • Trade decreased. • Jews moved to Jerusalem. • Relations between religious groups became more strained. • • • • • The feudal system in Europe was a system to rid the church of corrupt bishops. to free peasants and serfs. of exchanging land for service. of providing charters for towns. • • • • • Who won the Hundred Years’ War? the Lancasters the French the English the Muslims • Which of the following was not one of the ways popes became stronger in the Middle Ages? • ruled territory - Papal States • built and maintained armies • became political leaders • toleration of corrupt clergy • Trade began to grow in Europe after the ____; most of this trade was controlled by merchants from ____. • Crusades; the Middle East • Crusades; Italy • adoption of a paper money system; Italy • creation of a vast road network; the Middle East • Which of the following was not a form of medieval art? • Realistic paintings • Tapestries • Architecture • Illumination • Johannes Gutenberg’s invention has been described as revolutionary because • until guilds were created, craftspeople were unable to control the goods they produced. • with oil paints, Renaissance artists could paint much more detail than they could with watercolors. • coupled with a large pool of unemployed workers, it led to early industrialization in parts of Central Europe. • with easier access to books, more people learned to read and more books were printed. • Which of the following was not a reason why the Italian Renaissance spread north from Italy? • movement of artists and scholars • invasion of Italy by the Muslims • development of printing • trade of goods alongside ideas • Which of the following was not a major effect of the Protestant Reformation? • political instability • religious warfare • decrease sense of national identity • persecution and hysteria • The Age of Exploration was made possible due to advances in ____ and ____. • navigation; shipbuilding • cartography; communication • colonies; trade • force fields; lasers • Which of the following statements best describes the importance of Italian city-states to the Renaissance? • As agricultural centers, city-states produced an abundance of crops, and sold them to foreign markets. • The Catholic Church, dominant in the city-states, published the first Bible. • Italian shipbuilders brought paintings and sculpture back from China and India. • Knowledge of arts increased as nobles and merchants sought to display their new wealth. • Which of the following proposed the geocentric theory? • Copernicus • Galileo • Aristotle • Johannes Kepler • The English and French sent explorers to look for the ____, a route to Asia that involved sailing north of the Americas rather than south around Africa. • Strait of Magellan • Eastern Australian Current • Northwest Passage • Northern Asian Current • In the beginning of the Protestant Reformation, one of the largest criticisms was about the sale of ____ which decreased time a soul spent in purgatory. • penances • grievances • purifications • indulgences • Scholars estimate that how much of all food crops grown around the world today are of American origin? • one-tenth • one-third • two-thirds • one-half • Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were • Plato and Aristotle. • navigators and explorers. • Aquinas and his followers. • the Church and ancient scholars. • During the Renaissance, rather than relying solely on the Church, ____ became an important avenue of inquiry about the natural world. • science • secular literature • art • philosophy • • • • • The 95 Theses were written in Latin because Latin was not the vernacular. Luther could not write in any other language. they were intended for church leaders. Luther intended them for a mass audience. • Which of the following was not part of the Counter-Reformation? • The creation of the Roman and Spanish Inquisitions. • The publication of the Index of Forbidden Books. • Pope Paul III formal acceptance of the Protestant faiths. • The creation of the Jesuits and their efforts in reeducation. • In comparison to Italian Renaissance art, Northern Renaissance artists’ works reflected a more ____ view of humanity. • stylized • realistic • perspective • creative • • • • • Humanism was inspired by interest in scientific writings. Buddhist philosophy. Catholic doctrines. Greek and Roman culture. • How did the Renaissance contribute to the Age of Exploration? • by persuading Europeans that the pursuit of wealth was all important • by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe • by fostering a belief in the importance of working as a group • by emphasizing the importance of converting people to Christianity • Which of the following was not part of Martin Luther’s message/arguement against the Roman Catholic Church? • The Roman Catholic Church should formally separate from the Protestant Church. • Individual Christians should be able to interpret scripture for themselves. • God’s grace can’t be won by good works, faith alone was needed. • The only head of the Christian Church was Jesus, not the pope. • Planters in the Americans began to use African slaves for labor because • Aztecs refused to work on plantations. • disease had killed millions of Native Americans. • they believed Native Americans were not human. • African slaves were less expensive than Native American slaves. • During the Enlightenment, writers and philosophers agreed with ideas long held as absolute truth and felt that reason could not solve all of society’s problems. • True • False • ____ was a new way of thinking about the natural world that challenged traditional views and instead relied upon experimentation. • The Renaissance • The Protestant Reformation • The Age of Exploration • The Scientific Revolution • To represent three-dimensional objects on flat paper, Renaissance artists studied • astronomy. • perspective. • the work of Lorenzo de Medici. • humanism. • What was an effect of the Columbian Exchange? • Native American diseases destroyed European populations. • The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies. • Llamas began to be used as beasts of burden. • Triangular trade became less profitable. • The Enlightenment was characterized by European thinkers developing new ideas about ____ and ____ and applying reason in order to improve the human condition. • politics; religion • military; economics • government; society • Death Star; targets • Sailors could calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon with the • compass. • caravel. • nautical map. • astrolabe. • What led scientists to study the natural world more closely in the mid-1500s? • a series of natural disasters • exploration • Thomas Paine’s pamphlet • the death of Aristotle • Mercantilism: an economic activity carried on by private individuals and/or organizations in order to seek profit. Capitalism: a nation’s strength depends upon its wealth; needed a favorable balance of trade and control resources by building colonial empires. • True • False • Which of the following occurred as a result of Martin Luther’s stand against indulgences? • Germany rejected Lutheranism and remained Roman Catholic. • Lutheranism spread first to England and Scotland, then France and Italy. • The Protestant Reformation began. • Henry VIII started a new religion in England called Anabaptism. • What new approach allowed scholars to gain new scientific knowledge? • financing by the Church • universal public education • the scientific method • the Inquisition • During the Scientific Revolution, significant advances were made in all of the following fields except: • physics and math • space travel • astronomy • biology and chemistry • The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese explorers was to • spread Christianity. • explore the coast of Africa. • discover new lands. • find a water route around Africa to India. • Who argued that people had a right to overthrow a government that does not protect their natural rights? • Voltaire • Montesquieu • Locke • Hobbes • Most accusations of being a witch/practicing witchcraft included that you were a woman and ____. • had flown through the air and/or communicated with other witches • made a prediction that came true and/or healed a sick person • floated and/or did not get burned during the Trial of Ordeal • breathed and/or had done one or all of the above • The population of Native Americans in Spanish colonies dropped by more than • 10% • 90% • 30% • 75% • Which of the following was not a reason why Europeans began exploring the world? • Establish political allegiances with other nations • Explorers hoped to find new, faster routes to Asia to gain a trade foothold • Renaissance spirit of discovery and innovation • Explorers hoped to spread their faith into new lands • ____ emphasized individual accomplishment and the capacity of people to create and achieve. • Hippies • Martin Luther • Machiavelli • Humanists • The contact between the Americas, Europe, Africa, and Asia led to the widespread exchange of plants animals and disease known as the ____. • New World Exchange • Columbian Exchange • Middle Passage Exchange • Planet Express • Which of the following was not part of the aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo? • The Congress of Vienna was created • Napoleon was placed under house arrest until he died in 1821 • The French Army was decisively defeated • France remained a democracy for the rest of its history • Which of the following was not a result of the Tennis Court Oath? • The National Assembly abolished the monarchy and created the French republic. • The oath was an assertion of political authority of the people. • The Declaration of Right of Man and of the Citizen was created. • The National Assembly received widespread support from the French people • The Jacobins • were a moderate political group pushing for reforms in the French government. • established the Committee of Public Safety and created a Reign of Terror. • established the anti-revolutionary National Convention • were a radical political group led by Pepe Le Pew. • The Reign of Terror was characterized by all the following except: • The French forces being defeated by the invading foreign armies • Trials by the Revolutionary Tribunals for counterrevolutionaries • 18,000 meeting their deaths by the guillotine or other methods • The creation of many democratic reforms in the government • Which of the following was not a cause of the French Revolution? • The worsening financial situation of the government • New ideas of the Enlightenment movement • England invading France • Economic depression • In order to prevent nationalistic revolutions, the ____ (Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia) was formed to enforce the agreements made during the Congress of Vienna. • Alliance of Four • Quadruple Alliance • Alliance of Monarchs • Fantastic Four • Which of the following was not one of Napoleon’s reforms? • Restructured and streamlined the government using military organization • He created the Bank of France and required everyone to pay taxes • Reopened the Catholic Church and allowed for toleration of other religions • He created the judicial, legislative, and executive branches of government • During the Old Regime, the French people were divided into three groups known as ____. The first group was:____; the second group was ____; and the third group were : ____, bourgeoisie, and lower clergy. • Estates; nobility; peasants; higher clergy • Estates; higher clergy; nobility; peasants • Estates; peasants; higher clergy; nobility • Estates; Tennessee; Washington; Maine • The motivation for the Reign of Terror was due to ____ politics and fear of invading ____. • moderate; armies of Napoleon • radical; foreign armies • military; armies of Louis XVI • intergalactic; aliens • In French society, each Estate had one vote in the Estates-General, which immediately created an imbalance of power in the government between the 3rd and the 1st and 2nd Estates. • True • False • The Congress of Vienna was composed of reactionaries. The reactionaries hope to put a stop to ____ - an influential political philosophy in the 1800s based on the ideals of the Enlightenment and democratic reforms of the French Revolution. • absolutism • enlightism • communism • liberalism • Which of the following did not occur during Napoleon’s campaign into Russia? • After suffering his disastrous defeat in Russia, Napoleon had a successful invasion of Germany. • The Russian Czar held out until the harsh Russian winter forced Napoleon to retreat. • Russian arsonists set fire to Moscow and burnt it to the ground before Napoleon arrived. • The Russians launched a continuous attack against Napoleon and his forces during their forced march back to Paris. • Napoleon’s reforms of the French government were different from the reforms of the revolution in that the ____ was more important than the individual. • military • state • government • economy • Seeking to separate himself from the authoritative image of his predecessors, Louis XVI enacted several Enlightenment reforms in the French government which helped to avoid a revolution. • True • False • Napoleon’s legacy included spreading French Revolutionary ideals throughout ____ and creating uniform standards for all the following except: • Europe; education and agriculture • Europe; economy and industry • Europe; government and taxation • Mars; science and engineering • Which of the following was not one of the themes of the French Revolution? • Brotherhood • Equality • Freedom • Liberty • During the Old Regime in France, the French government was an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and the Catholic clergy. • True • False • Before the French Revolution happened, ____ of the population was paying taxes and supporting ____ of the population. • 2%; 98% • 98%; 2% • 25%; 75% • 75%; 25% • Which of the following was not an Enlightenment thinker that influenced the French Revolution? • Voltaire • Montesquieu • John Locke • Obi wan Kenobi • Which of the following was not a cause of WWI? • Nationalism • Militarism • Economic Depression • Entangling Alliances • Imperialism • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • After the first Battle of the Marne, the Allied and Central forces began to fight a series of battles in which each side was trying to outflank each other on their way to the North Sea. This was known as • The North Sea Conflicts. • The Race to the Sea. • Operation Seaside. • The Marne Sea Advances. • Although originally pursuing a policy of ____, the sinking of the ____ and the ____ Telegram brought America into the war. • interventionalism; S.S. Minnow; Zeppelin • irrigationalism; Titantic; Zerkensky • isolationalism; Lusitania; Zimmerman • irrationalism; The Rusty Bucket; Zoolander • An Austro-Serbian war became a world war due to the • War and Peace Pacts • Entangling Alliances • The Balance of Power Treaties • Washington Monument • ____ began the Industrial Revolution due to three unique factors: land, labor, and capital. • America • Japan • Britain • China • The Allied Powers included: • Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, Japan, Montenegro, and the U.S. • Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Bulgaria, Belgium, and China • Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria • Kazakhstan, Mexico, Thailand, and Chile • The Allies’ main purpose during the Battle of the Somme was to: • Liberate the city of Somme away from the Central Powers and destroy the German forces there. • Try to gain a quick victory so they could help their Russian allies in the Battle of the Marne. • Draw the German forces deeper into France so they could more easily surround the Germans. • Draw the German forces away from the Battle of Verdun and to try to punch through the German lines. • The Central Powers included: • Germany, Russia, the Automotive Empire, and Romania • Germany, Italy, Japan • Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, Japan, Montenegro, and the U.S. • Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria • Which of the following was not part of the final tally of WWI? • Four Empires disappeared: German, AustroHungarian, Ottoman, and Russian • Four dynasties fell: Hohenzollerns, Hapsburg, Ottomans, and Romanovs • Over 3,000 Nuremburg Trials were help in order to convict Nazis of war crimes • There were 78,294,000 casualties including 50 million deaths from the Spanish Flu • What was not part of the Battle of Verdun? • French General Robert Neville's phrase “they shall not pass” because the rallying cry of the French troops. • It was one of the shortest battles of WWI, lasting fewer than 10 days and it had the lowest amount of casualties of the war. • The Germans chose to attack this French position because they had several advantages in their favor. • The French were successful in pushing the German forces back to where they started. • During the Paris Peace Conference, President Woodrow Wilson made compromises in order to help establish • the League of Nations. • the Major Leagues. • the League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. • the Justice League. • Which of the following was not a reason why WWI was originally viewed as a “cleansing” war? • Nationalism and patriotic enthusiasm were sweeping across all the countries involved. • The countries believed that the war was a matter of defending their country’s honor or upholding “right against might.” • Many countries felt that this would be the opportunity to purge or “clean” people viewed as undesirables out of their country. • Many country's leaders felt that a short successful war would unify their countries and solve some domestic problems. • Industrialization occurs when countries’ economies shift from being based mainly on ____ to ____. • manufacturing; agriculture • manufacturing; services • agriculture; manufacturing • Star Trek; Star Wars • New weapons and vehicles of WWI included all the following except: • Poison gas and machine guns • Airplanes and submarines • Tanks and artillery • Bomber planes and nuclear weapons • During the Hundred Days Offensive in 1918, the Allies were able to push the Germans back and break through the ____, Germany’s original starting point in 1914. • Howitzer Line • Hindenburg Line • Western Front Line • Schlieffen Plan • What was the Schlieffen Plan? • The German codename for the Zimmerman Telegram • Part of the German offensive during the first Battle of the Somme • A German war strategy on how to effectively conduct a two front war • The name of Germany’s outline for the placement of their trenches • The Treaty of Versailles: • was the most important treaty of the Paris Peace Conference • outlined the details of the Allied settlement with Germany • included several harsh measures against Germany • all of the above • To attack, soldiers charged ____ of their own trenches and ran across ____ to the enemy’s trenches. • in scattered formation; free land • in single file; neutral land • over the top; no man’s land • over the river; the woods • Which of the following was not a reason why Germany fought in WWI? • Germany’s “Weltpolitik” or world politics and their desire for expansion. • They were trying to support their ally AustriaHungary. • Germany was racing Britain in building a larger navy. • They were attempting to break up the alliances and establish the League of Nations. Matching • Approval of the gods • The first emperor of the Qin • Linked China to India, the Middle East, and the Roman Empire • Shifting seasonal winds used by Indian traders • “Achieving peace through submission to God” • The sacred text of Islam • Journey to Mecca • Muslim legal system of rules • Acts of worship central to Islam • The land given to a knight for his service to a lord • A measure of one’s devotion to religion • The economic system of medieval western Europe • Design of medieval churches that made them taller and brighter than earlier churches • • • • • • • • • • • • • Fief Five Pillars of Islam Gothic Style Hajj Islam Mandate of Heaven Manorial System Monsoons Piety Qur’an Sharia Shi Huangdi Silk Roads Matching • • • • • • • • • • • • • Beliefs that opposed official Church teachings Accomplished in the classics and a man of action First explorer credited with circumnavigating the earth Well-educated poet from a powerful family in Florence who supported the arts Playwright believed by many to be the greatest Renaissance writer Period of renewed interest and remarkable development in art, literature, science, and learning Having a worldly rather than a spiritual focus Everyday language of the people Famous for the statue of David and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Nation’s strength depended on how much gold an silver it possessed Estates where cash crops were grown on a large scale One leg of triangular trade network A disease to which Native Americans had no resistance • Ferdinand Magellan • Heresy • Ideal Renaissance Man • Lorenzo de Medici • Mercantilism • Michelangelo Buonarroti • Middle Passage • Plantations • Renaissance • Secular • Smallpox • Vernacular • William Shakespeare Matching • Spread risk and profit among many investors • The Enlightenment • Held that the earth was the center of the universe and the sun, moon, and planets revolved around it • Argued that the best form of government included a separation of powers • Held that the earth revolves around the sun • The exchange between a society and its government • Age of Reason • Baron de Montesquieu • Geocentric theory • Heliocentric theory • Joint-stock company • Social contract