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Find your name and sit on the side of the room the arrow with your name is pointing to! TEAM 2 John Jordan Francesca Devin Caitlyn Mikayla Joanne Kendall Dylan Harlee Tye Bryar Brian Hunter Madison Tracy Olivia Kayla Jacob Devan William TEAM 1 Then…completely empty the front and back pockets of your folder and have on your desk…an empty folder, a pencil, and the MidTerm Review Guided Notes 1 Find your name and sit on the side of the room the arrow with your name is pointing to! TEAM 1 Brian Payton Jonathan Haley Savannah Mikhala Chad Alexis Charlie Patrick Megan J Joseph Sarah Megan G Vinny Raymond Emilie Logan Julia Camie Elizabeth Steven TEAM 2 Get a copy of the MidTerm Review Guided Notes off the front desk and then have on your desk… a pencil, and the Mid-Term Review Guided Notes 2 Find your name and sit on the side of the room the arrow with your name is pointing to! TEAM 1 Morgan Taylor B Landon Lacy LeeAnn Alex Logan Shay Tytiana Douglas Tiffany Zy’Asia Kayla Tayler P Tony Halley Derek Hannah Morgan Dakota Edward Jordan Mikala Patrick TEAM 2 Get a copy of the MidTerm Review Guided Notes off the front desk and then have on your desk… a pencil, and the Mid-Term Review Guided Notes 3 Find your name and sit on the side of the room the arrow with your name is pointing to! TEAM 1 Bryanna Rickey Luke Mallory Andrew Jakira Gabe Josh Michael Savannah Noah Nick B. Kevin Corey Nick A. Sean Abbey Autumn Sharon Bruce Ckaila TEAM 2 Get a copy of the MidTerm Review Guided Notes off the front desk and then have on your desk… a pencil, and the Mid-Term Review Guided Notes 4 Morning Exam 9:05-12:00 DATE Afternoon Exam 12:05-3:35 12/17 1B Study/Exam 4B Lunch/ Study/ Exam 12/18 1A Study/Exam 4A Lunch/ Study/ Exam 12/19 2B Study/Exam 3AB Lunch/ Study/ Exam 12/20 2A Study/Exam 3AB/4a Regular/ Game 5 Midterm 125 Multiple-Choice Questions On Computer/ Bubble-Sheets – BRING A PENCIL! 10% of your semester grade = 1 full letter grade 90 Minute Study Period 5 Minute Break 90 Minute Exam Period 6 Mid-Term Review Globe Basketball 1. We will review a section using the guided notes in the front of your folder 2. When that section is complete I will draw a name from the team whose turn is next 3. That team member will answer the question that is up on the screen 4. If the team member gets it correct they will have the chance to get 1, 2 or 3 extra basketball points 5. If the team member gets it wrong they will sit back down with their team 7 BUT WHAT IF WE WIN??!! 1. The team with the highest score in the CLASS will get a small piece of candy the day of the mid-term 2. The team with the highest score out of ALL MY CLASSES will get cookies on the day of their mid-term SO PAY ATTENTION TO THE NOTES WE ARE TAKING!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 8 Virginia Standards of Learning World History & Geography 1500 to Present WHII.2 WORLD RELIGIONS 2012-2013 Christianity (Monotheistic) • World’s largest religion • Jesus Christ is Messiah • Holy Book: Old AND New Testaments Islam (Monotheistic) • Located in Asia and N. Africa (MECCA & MEDINA) • Muhammad is Prophet; Allah is God • Quran (Koran) Judaism (Monotheistic) • Israel and small groups around the world • Yahweh is God • Torah only the OLD Testament Buddhism • East and Southern Asia • Founded by Siddhartha Gautama (renamed Buddha- Enlightened One) • Reincarnation • Four Noble Truths, Eightfold Path Hinduism (Polytheistic) • India (Southern Asia) • Many gods • Reincarnation • Vedas and Upanishads A D F E B C Virginia Standards of Learning World History & Geography 1500 to Present WHII.2 THE WORLD AT 1500 2012-2013 Renaissance – “Rebirth” of classical knowledge. Spread from Italian City-States to Northern Europe. Michelangelo - Painted Sistine Chapel - Carved David and Pieta Da Vinci - Painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper - Renaissance Man (painter, sculptor, architect) Shakespeare - Playwright (drama) - Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth, King Lear, etc. Humanism – Emphasis on human intellect and scholarship. Petrarch - Father of Humanism - Sonnets to Laura Erasmus - Praise of Folly - Criticized Catholic Church Medici – family in Florence supported the arts and the Renaissance. Machiavelli - The Prince - Rulers should seek power and success at any price. Sir Thomas More - Utopia - How to create the perfect world. Scientific Advancements were made in all of the following fields during the 1500’s EXCEPT… A. Astronomy B. Mathematics C. Oceanography D. Medicine 18 The ____________ river throughout modern Germany was helpful for transporting goods to Black Sea during the Renaissance. A. Elbe B. Danube C. Thames D. Nile 19 Which country was located in Western Africa in the 1500s AD? A. Songhai Empire B. Spain C. Inca Empire D. Mughal Empire 20 The Silk Roads connected… A. The Indian Ocean B. Northern Africa C. Europe and the Black Sea D. Asia and the Mediterranean Basin 21 China is credited with which invention? A. Mathematics B. Textiles C. Paper D. Medicine 22 The establishment of trading patterns during the Renaissance is important because they A. Established a hierarchy of partners. B. Allowed the development of imperialism C. Allowed the exchange of ideas and goods. D. Discouraged specialization and competition. 23 Which Empire was located in the Western Hemisphere? A. Persian B. Songhai C. Russian D. Aztec 24 Which of the following was located on an island in 1500 AD? A. Songhai Empire B. England C. Spain D. Inca Empire 25 Which of the following was located on an island in 1500 AD? A. Songhai Empire B. England C. Spain D. Inca Empire 26 Which of these religions would most likely be found throughout Southeast Asia including parts of Japan? A. Catholicism B. Islam C. Hinduism D. Shintoism 27 This Empire controlled land on three different continents around 1500AD. A. Mughal B. Persian C. Songhai D. Ottoman 28 In which of the following areas had trade routes NOT yet developed around 1500 AD? A. Western Europe B. Southwest Asia C. South America D. Northern Africa 29 The Compass was developed by which ancient civilization? A. Islamic B. Indian C. Persian D. Chinese 30 The development of textiles is associated with which of the following empires? A. Islamic B. Indian C. Persian D. Chinese 31 Islam, Judaism, and Christianity all have their origins in what part of the world? A. Southeast Asia B. India C. Middle East D. Europe 32 Virginia Standards of Learning World History & Geography 1500 to Present WHII.3 THE REFORMATION 2012-2013 The Protestant Reformation Catholic Church - Selling indulgences to lessen punishments for sin. - Pope maintained absolute power. Catholics - Forbidden to practice usury. - Angered by Italian domination. Reformation in Germany Martin Luther (Lutheranism) - Posted 95 Theses, starting the Protestant Reformation - Refused to Recant at Diet of Worms; Excommunicated Faith Alone Ultimate Authority – Bible, not Pope Nobody more important to God Thirty Years War - Hapsburg Family supported Catholics and German Princes supported Luther (for freedom and power). - Civil War breaks out, and Cardinal Richelieu (France) supports the Protestants to defeat the Hapsburgs and take power. Reformation in France John Calvin (Calvinism) - Fled to Geneva, Switzerland and established a Theocracy. - Wrote Institutes on the Christian Religion. Predestination – God elects the faithful. One’s morality – Actions will show election into the faith. Word – God’s word (Bible) is ultimate authority. Edict of Nantes - King Henry of France, converted to Protestantism after becoming King. - Signed the EDICT OF NANTES giving freedom to French Protestants (Huguenots – Calvinists). Reformation in England King Henry VIII - Creates Anglican Church and names himself leader when the Pope denies his divorce. - Catholic Church loses all power and wealth in England. Elizabeth I - Reorganizes Anglicanism. - Names Anglicanism the Official Church of England. - Defeats Spanish Armada in 1588. Catholic Counter Reformation Ignatius de Loyola - Founded the Jesuits (Society of Jesus) to keep believers in the Catholic Faith. Catholic Church - Inquisition: Court to try and punish Catholic heretics. - Council of Trent: Reaffirmed Catholic Doctrine; ended indulgences, still said Pope is ultimate authority. Martin Luther was against indulgences, which is A. The forgiveness of sins for money B. Priests buying worldly goods C. The pope selling Vatican property D. The rich buying church positions. 39 Who is credited with shifting the Thirty-Years war to a political conflict? A. Cardinal Louis Franc B. Cardinal Jon Patel C. Cardinal Richelieu D. Cardinal Ignatius de Loyola 40 One cause of conflict in the Catholic church was the widespread use selling of A. Land B. Indulgences C. Usury D. Commodities 41 As a result of the printing press and increased literacy… A. The Catholic Church grew B. Religious tolerance decreased C. Reformation swept Europe D. The Scientific Revolution occurred. 42 Which of the following languages was the Bible NOT translated into? A. Germany B. English C. French D. Italian 43 Henry VIII wanted a split from the Catholic Church in order to A. Anger the Pope B. Become head of the Reformation C. Execute his second wife D. Gain an annulment from his wife 44 The Society of Jesus sought to A. Replace the pope B. Attack protestants C. Spread Catholic Doctrine D. Spread Protestant Doctrine 45 Predestination, Faith, and a Strong Work ethic are best associated with A. Luther B. Calvin C. Elizabeth I D. Henry VIII 46 Which dynasty ruled the Holy Roman Empire and supported the Catholic Church? A. Romanov B. Tudor C. Bourbon D. Hapsburg 47 Merchant’s challenged the Catholic view of - A. Usury B. Piety C. Service D. Land ownership 48 Which of these did NOT grow during the Protestant Reformation? A. Racism B. Religious Tolerance C. Secularism D. Individualism 49 Jan Huss and John Wycliffe were both - A. Catholic Leaders B. Dissenters C. Reformers from Germany D. Translators of the Bible 50 Virginia Standards of Learning World History & Geography 1500 to Present WHII.4 AGE OF DISCOVERY 2012-2013 Motivations for Exploration Constantinople falls and Europe turns towards the Atlantic. God Gold - Use colonists to spread religions - Gain wealth with gold and especially other natural Christianity. resources. Glory - Political & econ. strength. - Prince Henry the Navigator inspires exploration. Spain, Portugal, England, and France Mercantilism • What is it? – There is a FIXED amount of wealth. – Colonies should benefit the Mother Country. – Colonies must have a favorable balance of trade. Power Sailed For Discovered/ Accomplished Christopher Columbus Spain The New World (Hispaniola, Caribbean Islands) Hernando Cortez Conquistador Spain Defeated Aztec Empire (S. America) Spain Defeated Inca, Peru Empire (S. America) Explorer Franciso Pizzaro Conquistador Explorer Sailed For Discovered/ Accomplished Jacques Cartier France Canada John Cabot England Northern route to Americas (Newfoundland, New England) Vasco da Gama Portugal Trade route to India Pedro Cabral Portugal Brazil (S. America) Exploration in the Americas Colonies established in North and South America Support Mother Country Spread Mother Country Culture Demise of Aztec & Inca Empires in South America Rigid colonial rule est. Forced migration of slaves to work. Columbian Exchange and Triangular Trade begin Natural Resources exported Slaves and diseases imported NEW WORLD HORSES CATTLE SMALLPOX The Columbian Exchange AFRICA SLAVES OLD WORLD CORN POTATOES TOBACCO Europe sends manufactured goods (textiles, rum) to Africa. America sends natural resources (cotton, tobacco, sugar) to Europe. SLAVES Africa sends slaves to America based upon race. Exploration in Asia Dutch (Netherlands) and English discover spice trade in Southeast Asia European Trade Companies Established Dutch East Indies form a MONOPOLY British East Indies eventually control the spice trade The Portuguese explorer credited with discovering a water route to India is A. Vasco da Gama B. Hernando Cortez C. Francis Drake D. Ferdinand Magellan 60 Which of the following is true? A. Pope endorsed Treaty of Tordesillas but outlawed further exploration. B. Jesuits destroyed Native American temples to spread Christianity C. Church encouraged the importation of slaves. D.The church supported the mistreatment of Native Americans. 61 Which of the following is true? A. Pope endorsed Treaty of Tordesillas but outlawed further exploration. B. Jesuits destroyed Native American temples to spread Christianity C. Church encouraged the importation of slaves. D.The church supported the mistreatment of Native Americans. 62 Slavery during the Age of Exploration was based on A. Religion B.Wealth C. Gender D. Race 63 Columbus, Cortez, and Pizzaro all explored for - A. France B. England C. Spain D. Portugal 64 Colonization was aimed at this continent for its large quantities of gold - A. Asia B. South America C. North America D. Africa 65 The export of precious metals from the Americas caused - A. Increased wealth for Africa B. Economic recession in Europe C. Increased wealth for Europe D. Decreased demand for goods 66 This conquistador conquered the Incan Empire - A. Pizzaro B. Da Gama C. Columbus D. Cortez 67 Cartier explored for - A. France B. England C. Portugal D. Spain 68 This was exported from America (new world) to Europe (old world A. Horses B. Guns C. Slaves D. Sugar 69 The Plantation System - A. Depleted vital nutrients in soil B. Improved indigenous economies C. Strengthened native/European relationships D.Allowed natives to use horses for labor. 70 The Plantation System - A. Depleted vital nutrients in soil B. Improved indigenous economies C. Strengthened native/European relationships D.Allowed natives to use horses for labor. 71 Which of the following is not true about changes forced upon indigenous people in Latin America? A. Forced to farm/work for imperialist rulers. B. Forced to practice native religions. C. Forced to speak imperialist languages. D. Forced to surrender positions of power within their governments. 72 Slaves were traded between - A. Europe and Africa B. Europe and America C. America and Africa D. Africa and Asia 73 This Spaniard conquered the Aztec Empire with advanced military technology A. Francisco Pizzaro B. Hernando Cortez C. Ferdinand Magellan D. Jacques Cartier 74 Catholics and Protestants impacted native lands by trying to A. Learn the native language B. Covert them to the Catholic and Protestant faiths C. Embracing the native cultures D. Promoting religious tolerance 75 Find your name and sit on the side of the room the arrow with your name is pointing to! TEAM 1 Brian Payton Jonathan Haley Savannah Mikhala Chad Alexis Charlie Patrick Megan J Joseph Sarah Megan G Vinny Raymond Emilie Logan Julia Camie Elizabeth Steven TEAM 2 Get a copy of the MidTerm Review Guided Notes off the front desk and then have on your desk… a pencil, and the Mid-Term Review Guided Notes 76 Virginia Standards of Learning World History & Geography 1500 to Present WHII.5 GLOBAL TRADE 2012-2013 Geography • Original Location: Asia Minor/ Anatolia • Modern Location: Turkey • Capital: Constantinople, renamed Istanbul Europe Africa Asia Ottoman Empire Expansion • North Africa, Southwest Asia, Northeast Europe Development • Unifying Force: Islamic Religion • Trade: Coffee and Ceramics Suleiman “the Magnificent” • Established Islamic Social Laws • Simplified Taxes • Reduced Government Mughal Empire Geography Contributions • Original AND Modern Location: Northern India • Spread of Islam into India • Indian Ocean Trade • Influence of British Textiles • Taj Mahal: Tomb for the wife of Shah Jahan China & Japan China • Enclaves: Keep foreigners out. • Isolationism: Stay away from foreigners. • Increase in European demand for goods. Japan • Weak Emperor (Gov’t), Strong SHOGUN (Military) • Isolationism • Mathew Perry negotiates trade Ottoman Empire Mughal Empire Africa Imports • Manufactured Goods • Corn • Peanuts Exports • Slaves • Gold • Ivory Trade Geography • Triangular Trade • Slaves along the Middle Passage 8 7 1 6 5 4 9 3 2 1. Ottoman Empire 2. Mughal Empire 3. China (Ming and Qing) 4. Japan (Tokugawa) 5. Spain 6. Portugal 7. France 8. Great Britain 9. Africa (Songhai) Results of the Commercial Revolution • Mercantilism emerged • Joint-stock companies were C3 Competition created Colonies • New middle class Control • New money and banking Spain, Portugal, and systems were created England compete for wealth and power The Empire that developed in this area was known as the A. Persian B. Roman C. Ottoman D. Mughal 86 The country best associated with closing trade during the Shogunate… A. Japan B. Persia C. China D. Mughal India 87 The Ottoman Empire controlled all of the following areas except: A. Istanbul B. Asia Minor C. The Balkans D. Venice, Rome 88 Which continent, located in the Eastern Hemisphere, contributed gold and salt to the Triangular Trade? A. Europe B. Asia C. North America D. Africa 89 Which of the following was not part of the Commercial Revolution? A. Evolution of mercantilism B. New money and banking systems C. Usury is used by the Church D. Colonies were limited by the mother country. 90 Africa’s imports during the 16th and 17th Centuries included A. Peanuts and cotton B. Corn and peanuts C. Sugar can and corn D. Corn and molasses 91 Africa’s imports during the 16th and 17th Centuries included A. Peanuts and cotton B. Corn and peanuts C. Sugar can and corn D. Corn and molasses 92 Which Islamic Empire controlled land on three continents and traded coffee and ceramics? A. Mughal B. Middle Eastern C. Persian D. Ottoman 93 What did Chinese Emperors do to slow European influence? A. Created foreign enclaves B. Forbid European/ Chinese weddings C. Declared war on Europe D. Sold opium to traders. 94 Portugal, England, and the Netherlands established posts along Indian - A. Deserts B. Coasts C. Plains D. Mountains 95 Which of the following is not true about the Mughal Empire? A. Northern India B. Taj Mahal C. Ruled by Hindus D. Ruled by Mongol descendants 96 Which term is associated with Japanese foreign policy towards Europe? A. Militarism B. Engagement C. Acceptance D. Isolationism 97 British ___________ were influenced by India A. Steel B. Textiles C. Medicine D. Oil 98 The Ottoman Empire owned land on how many continents? A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 99 The location of the Balkan Peninsula is best described as A. Southeastern Europe B. Southwestern Europe C. Northern Africa D. Southwestern Asia 100 T/F The Mughal Empire DID NOT allow European merchants to set up trading posts along the Indian Coast. A. True B. False 101 Virginia Standards of Learning World History & Geography 1500 to Present WHII.6 AGE OF REVOLUTIONS 2012-2013 Scientific Revolution – Shift in thinking in the 1500’s the focused on observation and experiments. Ptolemy – Geocentric theory: earth centered. Copernicus – Heliocentric theory: sun centered (believed, but didn’t prove.) Scientific Revolution – Shift in thinking in the 1500’s the focused on observation and experiments. Kepler – Planetary motion; proved Heliocentric Theory. Galeli – Used telescopes to support Heliocentric theory. Scientific Revolution – Shift in thinking in the 1500’s the focused on observation and experiments. Newton – Theories of Gravity and Motion. Harvey – Circulation of blood Age of Absolutism Divine Right – God gives monarchs the right to rule. King Louis XIV – FRANCE - Centralized France - “I am the State!” - Built Versailles - The Sun King Cardinal Richelieu – FRANCE - Used Thirty Years war to strengthen France. - Supported Catholics AND Protestants Age of Absolutism Monarch – A hereditary ruler who usually believes in Divine Right Czar Peter I The Great - RUSSIA - Westernized Russia - Built St. Petersburg Frederick William II The Great - PRUSSIA - Militarized Prussia - Improved Prussian authority and control. Age of Absolutism King James I of England - Authorized new translation of the Bible, the King James Version Elizabeth I of England “Virgin Queen” - Made Anglicanism the Official Church of England - Defeated the Spanish Armada Which Absolute Monarch of France is credited with building Versailles? A. Napoleon B. Charles I C. Maximillian Robespierre D. Louis XIV 109 Which Absolute Monarch attempted to remake his country in the image of England and the Netherlands? A. Charles I B. Peter the Great C. Phillip II D. Louis XIV 110 Which Absolute Monarch attempted to remake his country in the image of England and the Netherlands? A. Charles I B. Peter the Great C. Phillip II D. Louis XIV 111 The concept of planetary motion was discovered by A. Newton B. Galilei C. Kepler D. Harvey 112 The concept of planetary motion was discovered by A. Newton B. Galilei C. Kepler D. Harvey 113 Who used the telescope to support the theory that the planets revolve around the sun? A. Copernicus B. Newton C. Galilei D. Kepler 114 Who used the telescope to support the theory that the planets revolve around the sun? A. Copernicus B. Newton C. Galilei D. Kepler 115 Impact of the English Civil War & Glorious Revolution • Political Democracy “one man, one vote” • Oliver Cromwell and the execution of Charles I • The restoration of Charles II • Development of political Parties • Bloodless Revolution (William & Mary) • Parliamentary power increases • English Bill of rights Charles I inherits the throne and angers Parliament. ECW begins between Royalists (Cavaliers) and Puritans (Roundheads), led by Oliver Cromwell Roundheads beat the Cavaliers, Charles I executed, and Cromwell becomes Military Dictator Cromwell serves as Lord Protector, dies. Parliament asks Charles II to restore the monarchy. Dies, James I becomes King. First political parties formed over James’ rule: Tories (supported monarchy) and Whigs (against monarchy). William and Mary invited to overthrow Monarchy. James II flees to France. William and Mary come to power without bloodshed. English Bill of Rights of 1689 creates Limited Constitutional Monarchy. The Enlightenment – 1600’s – 1700’s in Europe when philosophers used scientific knowledge and reason to solve issues of law and government. Thomas Hobbes (HEAVY government) - Wrote: Leviathan - Believed: Gov’t should have strong central authority to control human behavior. John Locke (LOCK down individual rights) - Wrote: Two Treatises on Government - Believed: Individual (natural-born) rights of life, liberty, and property. Rationalism – Truth can be determined solely through logical thinking. Baron de Montesquieu (MONT-ES-QUIEU, 3-BRAN-CHES) - Wrote: The Spirit of the Laws - Believed: Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances Rousseau (ROU-Social) - Wrote: Two Social Contract - Believed: Popular Sovereignty – the people must rule. Voltaire - Wrote: Candide - Believed: Freedom of Speech, Religious Toleration Influence of the Enlightenment • United States – Directly born from Enlightened ideals – Example: Thomas Jefferson’s use of Enlightenment ideas in the Declaration of Independence • Government Documents – Bill of Rights (US) – US Constitution – English Bill of Rights Baroque – Style of music emphasizing human emotion. Johann Sebastian Bach (Germany) - Composer - Famous choral and organ music Mozart (Austria) - Composer - Child Prodigy Romanticism – Artistic style emphasizing human emotion and imagination. Eugene Delacroix (France) - Painter - Liberty Leading the People Enlightened Culture – Reliance on Classical Greece and Rome; order and balance. Voltaire (France) - Philosopher who wrote Candide - Freedom of Speech & Religious Tolerance De Cervantes (Spain) - Novelist who wrote Don Quixote - First novel Do not write on the test. When you are finished, turn the test upside down on your desk and sit QUIETLY. Influence of Enlightened Culture • Technology – All weather roads • Trade – Better farm tools • Transportation – Improved ship-building The composer best associated with elaborate, complicated music is A. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart B. Johann Sebastian Bach C. Ludwig van Beethoven D. George Frederich Handel 126 Following the American Revolution, Enlightenment philosophies also fueled a revolution in A. Spain B. England C. Germany D. France 127 German composer famous for his works such as the Brandenburg Concerti, and Toccata and Fugue A. Bach B. Delacroix C. Mozart D. Cervantes 128 When Parliament decided to replace James II with William and Mary it was known as the - A. Restoration B. English Civil War C. War of Roses D. Glorious Revolution 129 Which rationalist philosopher said “I might not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it?” A. Hobbes B. Marx C. Cervantes D. Voltaire 130 John Locke argued that people are born with the natural rights to life, liberty, and - A. Food B. Property C. Pursuit of happiness D. Healthcare 131 Which rationalist philosopher said “People are sovereign and consent to government for protection and natural rights to life, liberty, and property.” A. Montesquieu B. Hobbes C. Locke D. Voltaire 132 Which rationalist philosopher said “People are sovereign and consent to government for protection and natural rights to life, liberty, and property.” A. Montesquieu B. Hobbes C. Locke D. Voltaire 133 Which enlightened book argues “the state must have central authority to manage behavior? A. The Spirit of Laws B. The Social Contract C. Two Treatises of Government D. Leviathan 134 This Austrian composer is famous for his prolific and influential works, which totaled over 600 compositions. A. Voltaire B. Mozart C. Bach D. Delacroix 135 The US Constitution, Declaration of Independence, and Bill of Rights were all - A. Written by Thomas Jefferson B. Influenced by the French Rev’l C. Influenced by the Enlightenment D. Written by Thomas Hobbes 136 Lower estates paid taxes; higher estates did not Third Estate stormed the Bastille (Paris Prison) Peasants forced to serve in military. Lower estates given very few rights or opportunities. Kings had absolute Power Influence of Enlightenment Influence of American Revolution Bourgeoisie overthrew the monarchy end of absolute monarchy. King Louis XVI executed. The French Revolution Robespierre leads Reign of Terror; executes opposition to the revolution. Marie Antoinette executed. Napoleon comes to power as military dictator and restores order. Robespierre’s Reign of Terror causes fear, disorganization, and chaos. Napoleon names himself emperor and becomes Military Dictator. Napoleon writes Napoleonic code, establishing a series of rights and laws that did not rely on earlier customs. Robespierre’s execution causes more chaos and the need for a new leader. Napoleonic Era Napoleon was a successful military leader. Napoleon supported most revolutionary ideas. Stirs Nationalism (love of country) in France. Fails to unite Europe under French control; exiled. Congress of Vienna restores monarchies and balance of power. Napoleonic Era Napoleonic Code Fails to unite Europe under France Congress of Vienna formed to create a Balance of Power. Restore the Monarchies New European Political Map The storming of the _____________ marks the beginning of the French Revolution. A. Musee de Louvre B. Bastille C. Palace at Versailles D. Arc de Triomphe 140 Which method of execution was most popular during the French Revolution? A. Firing Squad B. Hanging C. Guillotine D. Electrocution 141 Which revolution is considered an influential factor to the French Revolution? A. American Revolution B. Spanish Revolution C. Latin American Revolution D. Scientific Revolution 142 Which revolution is considered an influential factor to the French Revolution? A. American Revolution B. Spanish Revolution C. Latin American Revolution D. Scientific Revolution 143 Virginia Standards of Learning World History & Geography 1500 to Present WHII.7 LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 2012-2013 Colonial System Colonies created to support the mother country Export precious metals and natural resources Mimic mother country’s government Spread influence (Catholic religion) Rigid structure designed to control native populations. Viceroys – Colonial Officers Peninsulares – Born in Spain of Spanish descent; living in colony. Creoles – Born in colony, but of Spanish descent Mestizos – Born in colony of mixed descent Independence Movements Haiti (formerly St. Domingue / Hispaniola) Led by Toussaint L’Ouverture, a former slave Defeated France, Spain, and Britain Mexico Led by Father Miguel Hidalgo Northern Latin America (Columbia, Venezuela, Bolivia, etc.) Led by Simon Bolivar, The Liberator Monroe Doctrine, 1823 European countries could not consider Latin/South America for colonization or the U.S. would consider it a threat and act of war. The U.S. recognized Latin/South American nations as free and independent.
