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ACTIVITY 1-071510
What is morphine? What is it used for?
- Morphine is a potent opiate analgesicpsychoactive drug and is considered to be the prototypical opioid.
Today morphine is used medicinally for severe pain, cough suppression, and sometimes before surgery.
It is seldom used illicitly except by doctors and other medical personnel who have access to the drug. It is
injected, taken orally or inhaled, or taken through rectal suppositories.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine
What is heroin? What do you know about it?
-Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid drug synthesized from morphine, a derivative of the opium poppy. It is
the 3,6-diacetyl ester of morphine. It gives you a burst or rush of good feelings, and users feel
"high" and relaxed. This may be followed by drowsiness and feeling sick to the stomach.
Heroin is a very addictive drug and many people find it extremely difficult to stop using it
and if heroin addicts suddenly try to stop using the drug or are unable to get another dose,
they often develop withdrawal symptoms, like feelings of panic, sleeplessness, bad chills
and sweats, seizures, or convulsions (severe shaking).
What do they have in common?
- Heroin and Morphin have things in common. The physical and psychological side effects of using heroin
or morphine are quite strong. Some may experience anxiety or paranoia while others experience extreme
fatigue and sedation. “Pinned” pupils and double or blurred vision are common while under the influence
of either drug. Many get chills while others may develop a rash or begin to itch. Some hallucinate or
having waking dreams and others have an exaggerated sense of well being. After using the drug, many
become irritable or depressed. Some develop cramps or nausea, and constipation is common.
Heroin addiction is a common problem in the United States and an issue that has not decreased in
severity over the last decade. Morphine is less common, but just as serious of an issue. Most evolve into
heroin addicts because the drug is so much stronger and easier to come by. Both morphine addiction and
heroin addiction are deadly diseases that require medical treatment.
What are the functional groups?
morphine - alkene, alcohol, ether, amine and phenol
heroine - acetyl and amine
ALKENE
unsaturated chemical compound containing at least onecarbon-to-carbon double bond. The simplest
acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, form an homologous series of
hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n.
ALCOHOL
is an organic compound with the structural formulaCH2=CHCH2OH. Like many alcohols, is a water
soluble, colourless liquid, but it is more toxic than typical small alcohols. Allyl alcohol is used as a raw
material for the production of glycerol, but is used as a precursor to many specialized compounds. Allyl
alcohol is the smallest representative of the allylic alcohols.
ETHER
a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group — an oxygen atom connected to two alkylor
aryl groups — of general formula R–O–R. A typical example is the solvent and anesthetic diethyl ether,
commonly referred to simply as "ether" (CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3). Ethers are common in organic chemistry
and pervasive in biochemistry, as they are common linkages in carbohydrates and lignin.
PHENOL
an organic compound with the chemical formulaC6H5OH. It is a white, crystalline solid. This functional
group consists of a phenyl, bonded to ahydroxyl (-OH). It is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion
kg/year) as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds. It is a mildly acidic compound that
requires careful handling.
ACETYL
a functional group, the acyl with chemical formula COCH3. It is sometimes abbreviated as Ac (not to be
confused with the element actinium). The acetyl group contains a methyl group single-bonded to a
carbonyl. The carbonyl center of an acyl radical has one nonbonded electron with which it forms a
chemical bond to the remainder R of the molecule. In IUPAC nomenclature, acetyl is called ethanoyl,
although this term is rarely heard. The acetyl moiety is a component of many organic compounds,
including the neurotransmitteracetylcholine, acetyl-CoA, acetylcysteine and the analgesics
acetaminophen, and acetylsalicylic acid (better known as aspirin).
AMINE
organic compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogenatom with a lone pair. Amines are
derivatives of ammonia, wherein one or morehydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such
as an alkyl or arylgroup. Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and
aniline; see Category:Amines for a list of amines. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called
amines, such as chloramine (NClH2).
REFERENCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin