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Transcript
1 Egypt-Mesopotamia Civilization Indicators of civilization 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. River Valley Civilizations The earliest societies developed in 1. 2. 3. 4. Egypt The Nile It is the world’s longest river Two major sources The current flows The wind blows The valley is very fertile farmland due to With the floods came Nile flooded In a normal year, the fields along the Nile produced Nilometer Shadoof Egyptian Creation Myth Egyptian Gods: Ra: Osiris: Isis: Seth: Horus: Thoth: Egyptian Isolation Egypt’s geography helped to keep it Deserts Cataracts Nubia raw materials The most vulnerable part of Egypt was Unification of Egypt 3100 B.C. Narmer or Menes Double Crown White Crown Red Crown Memphis 2 Egyptian Dynasties Pharaoh The pharaoh was forbidden to marry outside Egyptian history is divided into The first dynasties Ka The body Its name The ka had to be provided with mummification, Mummification Soon after death Natron The body was left to dry out for canopic jars funerary mask sarcophagus The wealthy elite Field of Reeds Osiris presided over Book of the Dead There were forty-two The man had to prove that At the end of the trial Egyptian Government The survival of the “divine king” rested on Heading the bureaucracy Taxes The Building of the Pyramids Around 2650 B.C. Djoser Imhotep stepped pyramid At the beginning of the Old Kingdom Snefru The Bent Pyramid: The Red Pyramid: Great Pyramid of Khufu The stones of the three pyramids Each side of the Great Pyramid of Khufu is The site was important because The most probable building method was All burial grounds Great Sphinx The last 100 years of the Old Kingdom were Reasons for the fall of the Old Kingdom 1. 2. 3. 4. Civil war The Middle Kingdom 2050 B.C. – 1800 B.C. After a long struggle, the rulers of Thebes 3 The new dynasty 1795 B.C. The Hyksos The Hyksos brought technology like The Hyksos were driven out of Egypt in Ahmose I New Kingdom Imperial Egypt The rulers of the New Kingdom became Hatshepsut She wore 1352 B.C Akhenaten polytheism to monotheism The new religion When Akhenaten died, Tutankhamun, King Tut’s tomb was discovered The Late Period The final decline of Egypt’s power New invaders: Post Dynastic Periods Alexander The Great Ptolemaic Period lasted from Alexandria Cleopatra VII. Rome Life in Ancient Egypt At the height of its glory, Egypt’s Social Pyramid Status of Women Women had Pharaohs always boasted Egyptian Writing The Egyptians had three types of writing styles: Egyptian writing did not employ an Hieroglyphics Hieroglyphics is a Greek word meaning Hieratic and Demotic are The Rosetta Stone 1822 Jean Francois Champolion This stone has three Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is a Greek word meaning The two rivers are The lack of natural barriers Around 3000 B.C., Sumerian civilization “hydraulic society” Sumerian Religion Sumerian religion was An Enlil The gods were Religious activities centered around 4 Roles of Men and Women Men: Women: Writing on Clay Cuneiform: They mostly record The Epic of Gilgamesh Gilgamesh is The story may have been originally based Sumerian Inventions Some of the important inventions Empires of Mesopotamia The Akkadians Sargon I The Amorites, also known as Hammurabi Religion astrology The Hittites They were the first people to use The Assyrians They would routinely Sennacherib Nineveh had 5 Egypt-Mesopotamia Terms HieroglyphicsVizierCivilizationPolytheismMonotheismCanopic JarsJean Francois ChampollionRaOsirisShadoofPharaohkasarcophagusHyksosHatshepsutAkhenatenHoward CarterRosetta StoneHammurabiCuneiformZigguratFertile CrescentMesopotamiaEpic of GilgameshUrSargon INinevah- 6 7 8