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Ancient Egypt Tentative Test Date: Cataract Topography Egyptian Geographical Features Waterfalls along the Nile River the shape and elevation of surface features of a place, such as its mountains or deserts Egyptian Culture/Civilization Government Pharaoh Stable Food Supply a god-king Nile River Valley was very fertile from repeated floods Religion Monotheism Polytheism Temple Written Language Hieroglyphics Papyrus Rosetta Stone Social Structure Peasant Pharaoh Social Class Social Pyramid The Arts Sphinx a belief on one god a belief in many gods a house of worship a form of writing based on pictures a plant whose stems are used to make a kind of paper a stone on which a passage was written in three languages: Greek; Egyptian hieroglyphics; and demotic, a form of Egyptian cursive writing unskilled laborer a god-king a group in society that is ranked by factors such as wealth, property, and rights a pyramid outline showing the positions of social classes according to their status in a society a huge stone creature with the head of a human and a lion’s body; located near Giza and the Great Pyramid Technology pyramids papyrus mummification ships Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Mummy/ Mummification Pyramid Sarcophagus Egyptian Government lasted from about 2700 to 2200 BCE; early pharaohs set up a strong central government and built great pyramids; the Age of Pyramids lasted from about 2000 to 1800 BCE; called the Period of Reunification because it came after years of chaos lasted from about 1600 to 1100 BCE; pharaohs increased trade and built huge monuments; a time of peace and stability; called Egypt’s Golden Age Pyramids a preserved dead body/the process of preserving a dead body a large stone building to serve as a tomb, or house, for the dead stone coffin Akhenaten Hatshepsut Howard Carter Khufu Ramses Senusret I Tutankhamen People Egyptian ruler during the New Kingdom who changed his name from Amenhotep IV and called for the worship of one god, Aten; Akhenaten is said to be either the father or uncle of King Tutankhamen; Akhenaten was hated by the Egyptians for changing their religion from polytheism to monotheism female pharaoh who ruled Egypt during the New Kingdom; she expanded trade and oversaw several building projects during her reign archaeologist who found the tomb of King Tutankhamen or King “Tut. Egyptian pharaoh for whom the Great Pyramid at Giza was built a New Kingdom pharaoh who built more statues and temples than any other pharaoh Middle Kingdom pharaoh who was a strong leader and patron of the arts (literature and visual arts); built the White Chapel a young boy who became pharaoh and Thutmose III Kush (aka Nubia) Lower Egypt Nile River Nile River Valley Upper Egypt mysteriously died while still a teenager; restored polytheism to Egypt New Kingdom pharaoh who conquered Nubia and brought ancient Egypt to the height of its power Places the kingdom to the south of Ancient Egypt; filled with resources (e.g., gold, iron, ivory, timber) that Egypt lacked; was an important trading center the delta area of the Nile River nearest to the Mediterranean Sea; lies NORTH of Upper Egypt and is lower in altitude than Upper Egypt the longest river in the world; its source is primarily Lake Victoria; the Nile flows NORTH through Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea the fertile area of land along the Nile River the higher land along the Nile River SOUTH of Lower Egypt; higher in altitude than Lower Egypt Key Ideas: You should be able to answer the following questions in a good essay. Central Question: Is it wise to be dependent solely on one person or thing for your welfare? Why or why not? Why was the Nile called both the "giver and taker" of life? How were religious beliefs involved in most aspects of Egyptian life? What changes in the economic system helped lead to the development of a civilization in ancient Egypt? Why is writing important in the development of a civilization?