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Intro to Physics
Newton’s Laws of Motion (Chapters 3; 6.1-6.3, 6.6; 7.1-7.4)
Inertia
Newton’s 1st Law of Motion (law of
inertia)
Mass
Weight
g is the rate of acceleration due to
gravity (9.8 m/s2)
Weight equation
w = mg
Conversion Factors:
1 lb = 4.45 N
Aristotle, Galileo and Newton
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
(Fnet = ma)
Inverse and direct relationships
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
(Action Force = Reaction Force)
Action-Reaction Pairs
A net force external to the system is
needed for acceleration
1 kg = 2.2 lb
Student Objectives
1. State Newton’s three laws of motion.
2. Explain how Aristotle and Galileo/Newton differed in their explanations
of why objects stay moving and why objects stop moving.
3. Interpret how inertia helps to explain the motion of objects.
4. Explain the relationship between mass and inertia.
5. Explain what causes an object to change its motion.
6. Determine the difference in mass and weight for any object anywhere
in the universe.
7. Solve conversion problems for mass and weight.
8. Explain the difference between a directly proportional and inversely
proportional relationship.
9. Solve motion problems using Newton's second law of motion.
10. Explain the relationship between net force and acceleration if mass is
kept constant.
11. Explain the relationship between mass and acceleration if the net
force is kept constant.
12. Use a = F/m to explain why two objects in free fall having different
weights fall with the same rate of acceleration.
13. Explain what causes an object to accelerate.
14. Identify action-reaction force pairs
15. Using the first, second and third laws of motion, explain the motion of
objects in different situations.
16.ens during a car accident where the car collides with a tree at 20
mph.
17. If a golf club strikes a golf ball, which receives the greater force, the
ball, the club or do they both receive the same force?
3.
Does a falling apple pull up on the Earth as it is falling? Explain.
4.
Does the Earth pull on the Moon with the same force that the Moon
pulls on the Earth?
5.
With what force does the pavement push on a car weighing 4000
N?
6.
If you are in an elevator that pushes you upwards with a force that
doubles your weight, how does this change acceleration?
7.
If a little girl is pulling with 500 N of force on a rope in a tug of
war against her bigger sister, does the bigger sister pull with greater
force? Explain.
9.
Use the third law to explain how a rocket moves through space.
10. Use the third law to explain why a car moves down the road.
11. Use the second and third law to explain what will happen when a
train hits a truck that stalled and was quickly abandoned on the rail
crossing.
12. Use the second and third law to explain the forces acting on a
cannon and cannonball when fired, and why each has a different
acceleration.
13. Do forces always act in pairs? Are they always equal and
opposite?
14. Using the first, second and third laws of motion, explain why the
Earth orbits the Sun.
15. Using the first, second and third laws of motion, explain what
happens during a car accident where the car collides with a tree at 20
mph. Consider the car is carrying a driver and a passenger.
18.
Intro to Physics Unit Guide
Newton's First, Second and Third Law of Motion
Chapter 3.4, 6.1-6.3; and 7.1-7.4, 7.7
Key Terms
Inertia
Mass
Law of Inertia
Newton
Kilograms
Inverse relationship
Direct relationship
Fnet = ma or F = ma
Action force
Reaction force
Newton’s First Law
Newton’s Second Law
Newtons’s Third Law
Newton’s 1st Law
1.
State Newton’s First Law of Motion.
2.
What are the relationships between mass, inertia, and accelerating
force?
Newton's 2nd Law
1.
Explain the difference between a directly proportional and
inversely proportional relationship.
2.
How can you recognize an inversely and directly proportional
relationship on a graph?
3.
State Newton's Second Law of Motion.
4.
Solve motion problems using Newton's second law of motion.
5.
Explain the relationship between net force and acceleration if
mass is kept constant.
6.
Explain the relationship between mass and acceleration if the net
force is kept constant.
7.
Consider two objects, one with 1 kg of mass and the other with 10 kg
of mass. Use a = F/m to explain why these two objects, neglecting air
resistance, fall at the same rate of acceleration.
8.
Explain what causes an object to accelerate.
9.
Could you argue that acceleration and change of velocity mean the
same thing? Explain.
10. Explain the relationship between mass and acceleration when an
average-sized football player tries to block a person who is much
heavier and a person who is much lighter.
Newton's 3rd Law
1.
State Newton's third law of motion.
2.
If a golf club strikes a golf ball, which receives the greater force,
the ball, the club or do they both receive the same force?
3.
Does a falling apple pull up on the Earth as it is falling? Explain.
4.
Does the Earth pull on the Moon with the same force that the Moon
pulls on the Earth?
5.
With what force does the pavement push on a car weighing 4000
N?
6.
If you are in an elevator that pushes you upwards with a force that
doubles your weight, how does this change acceleration?
7.
If a little girl is pulling with 500 N of force on a rope in a tug of
war against her bigger sister, does the bigger sister pull with greater
force? Explain.
9.
Use the third law to explain how a rocket moves through space.
10. Use the third law to explain why a car moves down the road.
11. Use the second and third law to explain what will happen when a
train hits a truck that stalled and was quickly abandoned on the rail
crossing.
12. Use the second and third law to explain the forces acting on a
cannon and cannonball when fired, and why each has a different
acceleration.
13. Do forces always act in pairs? Are they always equal and
opposite?
14. Using the first, second and third laws of motion, explain why the
Earth orbits the Sun.
15. Using the first, second and third laws of motion, explain what
happens during a car accident where the car collides with a tree at 20
mph. Consider the car is carrying a driver and a passenger.