Download Unit Two: Energy Force and Motion

Unit Two: Energy, Force, and Motion
Vocabulary Terms: Unit 2
Unit Two: Energy Force
and Motion
Chapter 2:
Vocabulary Terms
Unit Two: Energy Force and
Motion
Chapter 3:
Vocabulary Terms
Acceleration
Average Speed
Balanced Force
Displacement
Distance
Force
Inertia
Instantaneous Speed
Net Force
Speed
Velocity
Centripetal acceleration
Centripetal force
Friction
Law of gravitation
Momentum
Newton’s second law of
Motion
Newton’s third law of
Motion
Weight
Chapter 5:
Vocabulary Terms
Chapter 6:
Vocabulary Terms
Compound Machine
Efficiency
Effort force
Inclined Plane
Lever
Machine
Mechanical Advantage
Power
Pulley
Resistance Force
Screw
Simple Machine
Wedge
Wheel and Axle
Work
Conduction
Convection
Heat
Heat Engine
Heat Mover
Insulator
Internal Combustion Engine
Radiation
Solar Collector
Solar Energy
Specific Heat
Temperature
Thermal Energy
Chapter 2: Motion and Speed
Unit Two: Energy Force and
Motion
Chapter 4:
Vocabulary Terms
Chemical potential
energy
Elastic potential energy
Gravitational potential
Energy
Joule
Kinetic energy
Law of conservation of
Energy
Mechanical energy
Potential energy
Unit Two: Energy, Force, and Motion
Section 2.1 (p 38-46)
distance
displacement
speed
average speed
instantaneous speed
velocity
1. What is distance? Draw a picture to illustrate this.
2. What is displacement? Draw a picture to illustrate this.
3. Solve this problem using the speed equation. If a runner runs a 5km race in 45 minutes, what is his
speed? DON’T FORGET YOUR UNITS!!!
4. Give an example of average speed.
5. What is instantaneous speed? Is it possible to reach this speed?
6. Describe what is happening with the green line on the graph on p. 43 in complete sentences.
7. What information does the slope of a line give you on a distance-time graph?
8. How are velocity and speed different?
Section 2.2 (p 47-51)
acceleration
1. What is acceleration?
2. Can you have a negative acceleration? If so, how?
3. Calculate the acceleration: A car has traveled at a constant velocity of 62 km East for 3 hours. What is
the cars acceleration?
4. Calculate the acceleration: If a person starts out walking at a velocity of 7 km east and then turns to
and travels at a velocity of 5 km South in a time span of 12 minutes, what is their acceleration? See page
48 for the equation.
Section 2.3 (p52-56)
Force
Net Force
Balanced Force
Inertia
1. What is force? Give an example of force on a object.
2. What is a net force? Illustrate what a net force would look like on an object.
3. What is the difference between a balanced and unbalanced force?
4. What is inertia? How does a car on an icy road represent inertia? See p. 54
Chapter 3: Forces
Section 3.1 (p68-74)
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
Friction
1. What is Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion? What does it mean…in your own words?
2. Calculate the acceleration based on Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion: If an object has a mass of 45kg and 5
Newton’s (also known as kgxm/s^2). See p. 69 for the equation.
3. How does friction affect the acceleration of an object?
Section 3.2 (p75-82)
Law of Gravitation
Weight
Centripetal Acceleration
Centripetal Force
1. What is gravity? What does the gravitational force between 2 objects depend on? What is the
acceleration of falling objects on Earth?
2. How is weight measured? Would you weigh more or less in outer space? Why?
3. Why do rides at amusement parks continue in a circle?
Unit Two: Energy, Force, and Motion
Section 3.3 (p 83-88)
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
momentum
1. What is Newton’s 3rd Law of motion…in your own words?
2. Give an example of Newton’s 3rd law of motion that is not listed in the book.
3. How does the momentum affect an object?
4. What is the equation for momentum? Calculate this problem: If a person has a mass of 102 kg and a
velocity of 5 m/s when running, what is his momentum?
Chapter 4: Energy
Section 4.1 (p 100-104)
Kinetic Energy
Joule
Potential Energy
Gravitational potential energy
Elastic potential energy
Chemical potential energy
1. What is the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy? Give 2 examples of both.
2. Explain the difference between elastic, chemical, and gravitational potential energies.
3. What is the equation for gravitational potential energy? What is GPE measured in?
Section 4.2 (p107-115)
Mechanical energy
Law of conservation of energy
1. What is mechanical energy (in your own words)? What is the equation?
2. What does it mean to “conserve” energy? Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy in your own words.
Chapter 5: Work and Machines
Section 5.1 (p. 126-131)
Work
Power
1. What is work? What does it mean to “Do” Work?
2. Calculate Work: You move a 55kg couch 20m. This requires a force of 75 N. How much work in Joules
was done?
3. How are power and work related?
4. Calculate Power: It took 10 minutes to move a bed down a set of stairs. It took 4,500Joules. How much
Power was required?
5. How are power and energy related?
Section 5.2 (p. 132-137)
Machine
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Effort Force
Resistance Force
Mechanical Advantage
What is a machine (in your own words)? Give an example of a machine.
What is the difference between an effort force and a resistance force?
What would the equation be for an ideal machine? Why?
What is mechanical advantage? Give an example that is not listed in the book.
How would you calculate the efficiency of a machine? Explain the equation.
Efficiency
Unit Two: Energy, Force, and Motion
Section 5.3 (p. 138-146)
Simple Machine Lever
Pulley
Compound machine
Wheel and axle
Inclined plane
Screw
Wedge
1. What is a simple machine?
2. Create a chart diagramming all the simple machines. It should look something like this:
Simple Machine
Types
Examples/Pictures
Formulas
Lever
Pulley
Wheel and Axle
Inclined Plane
Screw
Wedge
3. What is the difference between a simple machine and a compound machine?
Chapter 6: Thermal Energy
Section 6.1 (p. 158-163)
Temperature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Heat
Thermal Energy
Specific Heat
What make something hot or cold? Explain in your own words.
What is thermal energy? How does it relate to temperature? To mass?
Explain why your hands would heat up if you held a cup of hot coffee using correct terminology.
What is the specific heat of something? What are the units of specific heat?
Calculate specific heat: A 45kg brass sculpture gains 203,000J of thermal energy as its temperature
increases from 28 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius.
Section 6.2 (p. 164-170)
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Insulator
1.
What happens when you hold an ice cube in your hand? Use vocabulary to describe what is happening
and which way the heat is moving.
2. What is the difference between conduction and convection? Give an example of convection that
happens in your cars and houses during the winter.
3. How is the warmth from a fire transferred to your hands if you are standing in front of it, not touching
it?
4. Would a stainless steal coffee container keep your coffee hot longer or shorter than a plastic coffee
container? Why?
Section 6.3 (p. 172-179)
Solar Energy
Solar Collector
Heat Engine
Internal Combustion Engine
1. How does solar energy heating a house differ from normal heating systems?
2. How does a heat engine work? Give an example and tell how it works.
Heat Mover