Download The Digestive System

Homework Take-Up
• Specialized Cell – Page 60 # 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
The Digestive System
Purpose of the Digestive System
• Turning food into microscopic nutrients that can
be absorbed through the intestinal lining
• What is the toughest food that the human body
might try to break down?
▫ Fibre – made from plants (vegetables and
grains)
How does food get broken down?
• Mechanically
▫ Mouth chews food to break it into smaller pieces
▫ Stomach churns
• Chemically
▫ Liver produces bile to mix water and fat together
for digestion
▫ Gastric acid is produced by the cells of the
stomach lining (it would burn your hand!)
Structure of the Digestive Tract
• http://medtropolis.com/virtual-body/
The Importance of the Sphincter
• Without a sphincter, the digestive track is really
just a hole through your body
• Sphincter – a ring of muscle that holds a
biological opening closed
• Over 50 different sphincters in the human body
Two Types of Sphincter’s
•Voluntary - Controllable
▫Rectum – both voluntary and
involuntary sphincter’s
▫Sphincter Urethrae - Urinary
sphincter
2 Types of Sphincter’s
• Involuntary - Not in your control
▫ Ileocecal valve – closes off the
small intestine so that food that
has not fully broken down may
not pass
▫ Sphincter pylori – Holds food in
the stomach until it is
thoroughly mixed with stomach
acid
Olestra
• Fat substitute used in the 1980’s
• zero calories, zero grams of cholesterol and zero
grams of fat
• gastrointestinal symptoms — including diarrhea,
loose stools, nausea, gas
• Olestra sometimes causes underwear staining
• “greasy, hard-to-wipe-off fecal matter”
• anal leakage (leakage of liquid olestra through
the anal sphincter).
My Roomate
• He did not have an esophogeal sphincter
• Always got heart burn (acid moving up
from your stomach into your esophagus)
• Had a muscle from his leg fashioned into a
sphincter to prevent it
Demo
• Digestion of Fat -
What’s wrong with me Doc?
• Day 1:
▫ Pain in stomach area
• Answers:
▫ Lot’s of fibre, good amount of veggies, not too
much red meat
▫ 2 days of on and off pain
▫ Bowel movements – 1-2/day (regular)
What’s wrong with me Doc?
• Day 2:
• Answers:
The Circulatory System
Purpose of the Circulatory System
• Transports nutrients and oxygen to
cells
• Transports waste and carbon dioxide
away from cells
Getting Around the Body
• The heart pumps blood through the body
• It pumps blood to the lungs to exchange
gases and comes back to the heart
• The heart then pumps blood around the
rest of the body to transport gases to the
cells
•Capillaries – Act as an
exchange point for gases and
nutrients
•These happen in the:
▫ Lungs
▫ Intestines
▫ Every single cell in the body
Structure of the Circulatory System
• Video
Respiratory System
Purpose of the Respiratory System
• To provide all cells in the human
body with Oxygen and remove
Carbon Dioxide produced as
waste by each cell
Fact
• You breathe 15 times per minutes and move
10,000L of air in and out of your lungs each day
• With every breath, you breath in at least one
particle of air that Gandhi breathed in when he
was alive
Respiratory System Structure
Gas Exchange
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
• When we breathe in Carbon monoxide, it takes
the place of oxygen on the red blood cells
• Since RBC’s cannot carry oxygen, the tissues in
the human body start to malfunction
• The brain relies on oxygen and is one of the first
organs affected
• You will feel nausea, head aches, loss of
consciousness and more
Breathing
• You breath without having to ask your body to
do so
• If you hold your breath too long, when you fall
unconcious, your body will start to breathe again
Musculoskeletal System
Purpose
• The musculoskeletal system
supports the body, protects
delicate organs and makes
movement possible
Make your own note
• Use Pages 99-101 to fill in the note