Download Study Guide for Exam 4 Chapter 17

Study Guide for Exam 4
Chapter 17
 Know the basic terms, especially those discussed in class and in bold face print in
the text
 From their structural or line-angle formulas, write IUPAC names for aldehydes and
ketones.
 Describe the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones in terms of how their
intermolecular forces determine their relative boiling points compared to other
types of organic molecules, and their solubility in water
 Complete chemical reactions for the oxidation of aldehydes, the reduction of
aldehydes and ketones, and the addition of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.
 Know that reducing agents such as NaBH4 and LiAlH4 usually initiate reactions by
providing hydride ions (H-) that bond with a carbonyl carbon (selective).
 From their structural formulas, identify hemi-acetals and acetals, and know the
reactions that lead to them.
 Know when the addition of an alcohol group to a ketone or aldehyde group would
lead to a cyclic hemi-acetal.
Chapters 18 & 19
 Know basic terms, especially those discussed in class and in bold face print in the
text
 From their structural or line-angle formulas, write IUPAC names of carboxylic
acids, carboxylic salts, anhydrides, esters, and amides
 From their names, draw condensed structural or line-angle formulas of carboxylic
acids, carboxylic salts, anhydrides, esters, and amides.
 Describe the physical properties of carboxylic acids in terms of how their
intermolecular forces determine their relative boiling points compared to other
types of organic molecules, and their solubility in water.
 Complete chemical equations by writing structural formulas for products or
reagents of reactions, or fill in the blanks where reagents or catalysts are needed for
the following reactions: An acid-base reaction of a carboxylic acid, a reduction of a
carboxylic acid, an esterification of a carboxylic acid, decarboxylation of a
carboxylic acid, preparation of an amide from a carboxylic acid and an amine. The
acid catalyzed hydrolysis of an amide. And the hydrolysis of an ester.
 For the last reaction listed, know whether you get a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic
salt under acidic or basic conditions.
 Know that acid catalysts usually initiate reactions by protonating the oxygen atoms
of a carboxylic acid.