Download Functions of Organelles - Belle Vernon Area School District

2nd Quarter Assessment
• Unicellular---Made up of one cell
• Multicellular---Made up of 2 or more
cells….MANY cells
Functions of Organelles
1. Nucleus----Control center of
the cell.
2. Nucleolus---stores RNA and
makes ribosomes
3. Ribosomes----tiny organelles
that make proteins
4. Rough ER--- make proteins
• 5. Smooth ER----makes lipids
• 6. Golgi Apparatus--- packages
and sends proteins
• 7. Mitochondria---Power
house of the cell
• 8. Lysosomes---breaks down
large molecules in the cell
Three Major Parts of the Cell
• Cytoplasm
•Cell Membrane
•Nucleus
SELECTIVELY or SEMI-PERMEABLE
• 1. Allows certain substances in
• Example---Nutrients
• 2. Allows certain substances out
• Example----Waste
• 3. Keeps certain things in
• Example----Organelles
• 4. Keeps certain things out
• Example---Disease and foreign
objects
The Cell Theory
• The cell is the basic unit of life
• All organisms are made up of
cells
• All cells come from other cells
Differences
• PLANT
• Square
• Cell Wall &
Membrane
• Chloroplasts
• Lg Vacuoles
• No Lysosomes
ANIMAL
Circular
Cell
Membrane Only
No Chloroplasts
None or Small
Lysosomes
Similarities Plant and Animal
Nucleus including Chromosomes and
Nuclear Membrane (EUKARYOTES)
Cell Membrane Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Ribosomes
Rough and Smooth ER
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
DIFFUSION
Molecules move from an area of
HIGHER concentration of
molecules to an area of
LOWER concentration of
molecules
What we need for diffusion and Why?
• We need different concentrations in
the same are…in other words a
concentration gradient…
• Why? So molecules can move from
an are of High conc. (in or out of cell)
to an area of Low conc. (in or out of
the cell)
EQUILIBRIUM
• Molecules are at the same
concentration throughout
the space.
• What the cell is in when
Diffusion STOPS…
OSMOSIS
It is the movement of WATER
molecules from an area of
LOWER concentration of
molecules to an area of
HIGHER concentration of
molecules
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
•Cells Shrinks
• A solution that has
more/higher concentration of
solutes (molecules) OUTSIDE
the cell than inside the cell
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
Cell gets bigger and
bursts
A solution that has less/lower
concentration of solutes
(molecules) OUTSIDE the cell
than inside the cell
3. ISOTONIC SOLUTION
•Cell stays the same size
• A solution where the concentration
of solutes (molecules) are the same
on the inside of the cell and outside
of the cell
Prokaryotes
• Very Small
• No true Nucleus
• No membrane bond organelles
• DNA---Plasmids
• Thought to be 1st Life forms
• Performs all Characteristics of life-SIMILARITY
Eukaryotes
• Very Small
• Has a true Nucleus
• Has membrane bond organelles
• DNA---Chromosomes
• Very Complex—lots of organelles
• Performs all Characteristics of life--SIMILARITY