Download Kinesiology PPT Kinesiology Terms

Movements and Joints
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To turn the moving
bone about its axis
Known as Lateral
Rotation in the neck!
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Horizontal Abduction
 Moving away from the
midline in the
horizontal plane
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Horizontal Adduction
 Moving toward the
midline in the
horizontal plane
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Circumduction:
 Flexion, Abduction,
Extension,
Adduction in
sequence
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Flexion
toward the
outside of
the body
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Vary in size and shape.
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Simple Joint:
 A joint with only two articulating surfaces
 Examples: Hip and Ankle (talotibal)
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Compound Joint:
 A joint with three or more articulating surfaces
 Example: Wrist
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Complex Joint:
 A joint with more than two articulating surfaces and with a disc
or fibrocartilage
 Example: Knee.
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The hinge joint allows
movement in one plane
(flexion, extension)
Examples:
 Distal Interphalageal (DIP)
and Proximal
Interphalageal (PIP) joints
of the phalanges in the foot
and hand
 Ulnohumeral articulation at
the elbow
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Movement consists of two flat surfaces that
slide over each other to allow movement.
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In the hand the Carpals will slide over each
other as the hand is moved to positions of
flexion, extension, radial deviation, or ulnar
deviation.

In the foot, the Tarsals shift during pronation
and supination, sliding over each other in the
process.
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The ellipsoid joint allows
movement in two planes
(flexion, extension;
abduction, adduction)
Examples:
 The radiocarpal articulation
at the wrist
 The metacarpophalangeal
articulation in the
phalanges.
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The saddle joint only found at the
carpometacarpal articulation of the thumb
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Allows two planes of motion (flexion,
extension; abduction, adduction) with a small
amount of rotation also allowed.
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It is similar to the ellipsoid joint in function
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The pivot joint also allows
movement in one plane
(rotation; pronation,
supination)
Examples:
 superior and inferior radioulnar
joint
 The Atlas-Axis articulation at
the base of the skull.
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Allows primary
movement in one plane
flexion, extension) with
small amounts of
movement in another
plane (rotation).
Examples:
 The knee joint
 The temporomandibular
joint

Allows movement in
three planes (flexion,
extension; abduction,
adduction; rotation)
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Most mobile joint
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Examples:
 The hip
 The Shoulder
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Bones held together by either hyaline cartilage
 Example: epiphyseal plates

Or by fibrocartilage
 Example: pubic symphysis and the intervertebral discs
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The movement is very limited, although not to the degree of
the synarthodial joints.

Allow little or no
movement to occur
between the bones and
hold the bones firmly
together.
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Some bones are held
together by fibrous
articulations
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Examples:
 Sutures of the Skull
 Distal Tibiofibular Joint
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As movement occurs
through a range of
motion, the actual
contact area varies
between the
articulating surfaces
Major Joints of the Body
Joint
Type
Degrees of Freedom
Vertebrae
Amphiarthroidial
3
Hip
Ball-and-Socket
3
Shoulder
Ball-and-Socket
3
Knee
Condyloid
2
Wrist
Ellipsoid
2
Metacarpophalangeal
(fingers)
Ellipsoid
2
Carpometacarpal (thumb)
Saddle
2
Elbow
Hinge
1
Radioulnar
Pivot
1
Atlantoaxial
Pivot
1
Ankle
Hinge
1
Interphalangeal
Hinge
1
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Supine: Face
upward; on
your back
Prone: Face
downward; on
your stomach
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Cornonal (Frontal) Plane splits the body into
anterior / posterior sections
Anterior:
 Front of the body or body part

Posterior:
 Back of the body or body part
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When the body is split along the
Mid Sagittal or Median
Sagittal Plane
Lateral:
 Away from the midline of the body
 Anatomical position
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Medial:
 Toward the midline of the body
 Anatomical position
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Distal:
 Farthest from a point of
attachment to the body
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Proximal:
 Used to describe where
the appendage joins the
body
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Transverse or Horizontal Plane
Inferior:
 Toward the bottom of the body or body part

Superior:
 Toward the top of the body or body part
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Superficial:
 Toward the surface of the body
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Deep (visceral):
 Deep inside the body
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Mostly used in animals
Dorsal (anterior):
 Upper Surface

Ventral (posterior):
 Bottom Surface
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Internal:
 Deeper
 Inside
 Toward

External:
 Near the surface
 Outside
 Away
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Volar
 Ventral aspect of the fingers

Palmar:
 Ventral aspect of the hand (palm of the hand)
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Plantar:
 Ventral aspect of the foot (sole of the foot)
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Ipsilateral:
 One sided; pertaining to one side

Contralateral:
 Both sides; Bilateral