Download Chapter 3 Booklet Section 3.1

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Chapter 3 Booklet
Section 3.1- The Respiratory System
1. What is the purpose of the respiratory system?
2. What are the main organs of the human respiratory system?
3. How is the diaphragm largely responsible for breathing?
4. How is breathing different from respiration?
5. Where does diffusion take place in the respiratory system?
3.2 The Circulatory System
1. What is the purpose of the circulatory system?
2. Why do snails not need a fluid transport system?
3. What is the difference between a closed circulatory system and an
open circulatory system?
4. What is the difference between arteries, veins and capillaries?
5. In your own words, explain the movement of blood through the
circulatory system (start at the right atrium).
6. Explain the role of valves in the heart.
3.3 The Excretory System
1. List the main parts of the excretory system.
2. What organ, other than the kidneys, plays an important role in
excretion? Explain the role of this organ.
3. Your body makes urine by combining the waste product, urea, and
water. Where does your body make urea and what is it made from?
4. Briefly explain the function of the nephron.
5. Where does diffusion take place in the excretory system?
6. Getting rid of waste requires a team approach in the body. Which
body systems are on the team? How do the systems work together to
get rid of waste materials that are produced in cells?
3.4 The Digestive System
1. What is digestion?
2. What are enzymes?
3. Describe the path food goes as it travels through your digestive
system.
4. Describe how food gets broken down in the:
a. mouth
b. stomach
c. small intestine
5. What does each of the following organs aid in digestion:
a. liver
b. pancreas
6. Where does the food get absorbed in the digestive tract? What
special feature does this structure have in order to maximize
absorption?
3.5 Organ Systems Working Together
1. Name two organ systems not mentioned in Figure 1 on page 78.
2. Which system, the nervous system or the endocrine system is best
suited to detect danger? Explain why.
3. What is the difference between a response by the nervous system
and a response by the endocrine system? Explain.
4. If you step on a tack, how would your nervous system respond?
What other organ systems would be signalled? Explain.
5. Put the following organs into the correct category on the chart.
heart, eyes, intestines, brain, artery, liver, stomach, lungs, kidney,
Organs that supply nutrients and
remove waste
Organs that regulate the body
7. What would happen to skin cells if the circulatory system failed
to work?
8. Explain why organ systems that regulate or control other body
systems are important.
3.6 Protecting the Body
1. Explain why pathogens are a threat to the body.
2. Name and briefly describe the three lines of defence that the body
uses to fight infection.
3. Figure 9 (page 84), shows a white blood cell (blue) and E.coli
bacteria (pink). Describe what is happening. Which line of defence is
in action here?
4. Compare the features shared by an amoeba and a specialized cell in
the human defence system.
5. What is an antigen? What does it signal the body to produce?
6. How do antibodies protect the body from attack?
7. What is an immune response?
8. Explain two ways that we can become immune to diseases.