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Transcript
Innate Immunity Chapter 3 Study Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Compare innate and adaptive immunity as in Table 3-1. Describe the anatomic barriers (skin and mucous membranes) and the innate mechanisms used by each to protect the host. Describe PRRs and PAMPs. How do they differ from antibodies and TCRs in the adaptive immune response? Describe the effector mechanisms, or host response, to activation by these innate-immune sensors-IISs (Fig. 3-4). What are IISs receptors located on macrophages and how do they act? When do innate responses occur? Describe ways by which the innate and adaptive immune systems are interconnected. Describe the process of inflammation, and know and understand the terminology: a. Extravasation b. Chemokines c. Chemoattractants d. Integrin e. ICAMs f. Proinflammatory cytokines Explain the steps involved in phagocytosis and the cells involved. Describe and understand the functions of the soluble mediators and the membrane-associated receptors a. Table 3-2 b. Acute phase response c. Pattern recognition molecules d. TLRs Name and describe the functions of the various cell types involved in innate immunity. Discuss the ubiquity of innate immunity, with examples. Discuss the use of C-reactive Protein as a marker of cardiovascular risk. Vocabulary innate immunity adaptive immunity (acquired immunity) skin epidermis dermis mucous membranes cilia normal flora (microbiota) fimbriae psoriasin pattern recognition receptors (PCRs) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) complement (C’) mannose-binding lectin (MBL) C-reactive protein (CRP) Toll-like receptors (TCRs) Cytokines Inflammation Inflammatory response Edema Extravasation Chemokines Chemoattractants Integrin phagocytosis Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) Proinflammatory cytokines Cell adhesion molecules (CAMSs) Soluble molecules Membrane-associated receptors Defensins Interferons Bacteria Fungi Antimicrobial peptides Acute phase response (APR) Acute phase response proteins (APR proteins) Pentraxins Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins TLRs structure (Fig. 3-10) Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) TLR ligands Target microbes Neutrophils Macrophages Dendritic cells Natural killer cells Reactive oxygen species (ROS) Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) NADPH phagosome oxidase (phox) enzyme complex Respiratory burst Fig. 3-13 Chronic granulomatous disease Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) Intracellular pathogens C-reactive protein Statins signal transduction pathways Fig. 3-14 Table 3-4