Download Species diversity

DNA (OUTPUT)
After a population experiences exponential
growth exceeding carrying capacity, what are
the two things that may happen to the
population?
Turn in outline into file
HOMEWORK
How many squirrels work due 9/22 ; 9/23
Unit test 9/24 ; 9/25
Unit test review 9/22
AGENDA
1. Quiz
2. Notes
3. Each Teach
4. Notes
COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
WHAT ARE WE TRYING TO ANSWER?
 How can we classify species according to their
roles in a community?
 How do communities respond to changes in
environmental conditions?
 Does high species biodiversity increase the
stability and sustainability of a community?
SPECIES DIVERSITY
 Biological communities differ in the types and
numbers of species they contain and the ecological
roles those species play.
 Species diversity – the number of different
species an ecosystem contains combined with the
abundance of individuals within each of those
species
TYPES OF SPECIES IN COMMUNITIES
 Native, nonnative, indicator, keystone, and
foundation species play different ecological roles in
communities.
TYPES OF SPECIES IN COMMUNITIES
 Native species – species that normally live and thrive
in a particular community
 Nonnative species – species that migrate into or are
deliberately or accidentally introduced into a
community
 Invasive species – a species that is not native and has
negative effects on our economy, our environment, or
our health
INVASIVE SPECIES EX: GIANT SNAILS IN MIAMI
 Listen to the
audio clip to
answer the
question: How
did these giant
snails get to
Miami?
TYPES OF SPECIES IN COMMUNITIES
 Indicator species – a species that serves as an
early warning of damage to a community or an
ecosystem
 Keystone species – a species that has a larger
effect on the types and abundances of other
species in a community than their numbers would
suggest
INDICATOR SPECIES EXAMPLE
 Watch the
video and
answer the
question:
what is
threatening
the frogs?
INVASIVE, KEYSTONE, INDICATOR EACH TEACH
 In Each Teach, you are responsible for reading the text on
the back of your card. You must get very familiar with your
organism!
 There are 24 organisms out there! You should talk to at
least 3 individuals for each species category (invasive,
keystone, indicator) and take notes on each by the time this
activity is over.
 You will need to know examples for each species category
for our next quiz, and for the AP test!
INVASIVE, KEYSTONE, INDICATOR EACH TEACH
 In Each Teach, each person is the “master” of their card
and their organism
 Music will play
 Walk around the room and pair up with someone who
does not have your card
 A is shorter
 B is taller
INVASIVE, KEYSTONE, INDICATOR EACH TEACH
 A shares card first
 B writes down information in graphic organizer
 B shares card second
 A writes down information in graphic organizer
 HOLD ON TO YOUR CARD and find a new partner
 Repeat until your graphic organizer is complete/music
stops
HOW DO SPECIES INTERACT?
 Species can interact through interspecific
competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, and
commensalism
 Interspecific competition – competition
between species for shared or limited resources
REDUCING OR AVOIDING COMPETITION: SHARING
RESOURCES
 Some species evolve adaptations that allow them
to reduce or avoid competition for resources with
other species
REDUCING OR AVOIDING COMPETITION: SHARING
RESOURCES
 Resource partitioning – when species
competing for similar scarce resources evolve
more specialized traits that allow them to use
shared resources at different times, in different
ways or in different places
 Ex: owls and hawks feed on same prey but hawks
hunt in the day and owls hunt at night
PREDATORS AND PREY
 Predator and prey relationship – interaction
between two organisms of different species in
which the predator captures and feeds on parts or
all of the prey
 Ex: Bears and moths
PARASITISM
Parasitism – when
one species
(parasite) feeds on
part of another
organism (host)
usually by living on
or in the host
Ex: tongue-eating
parasite
MUTUALISM
 Mutualism – two species or a network of
species interact in a way that benefits both
species.
 Ex: bees and flowers
MUTUALISM
 Commensalism – interaction that benefits
one species but has little (if any) effect on the
other species
 Ex: birds benefit from trees by making their
nests in them but this generally doesn’t effect
the tree
BIODIVERSITY AND BIOMES
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
 Biodiversity – species diversity, ecological
diversity, functional diversity, and genetic
diversity
 Biodiversity is a crucial resource
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
 Human activities are destroying and degrading
the habitats for many wild species and driving
some of them to premature extinction
SPECIES DECLINE AND PREMATURE EXTINCTION
 HIPPO:
 H habitat destruction and degradation
 I invasive species
 P pollution
 P human population growth
 O overexploitation