The Kiwi - Nga Manu Nature Reserve
... of a huge continent called Gondwanaland along with South America, Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica • Gondwanaland broke apart about 80 million years ago. As a result, species were no longer able to travel around the whole continent but were trapped on their newly formed continent. There are ...
... of a huge continent called Gondwanaland along with South America, Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica • Gondwanaland broke apart about 80 million years ago. As a result, species were no longer able to travel around the whole continent but were trapped on their newly formed continent. There are ...
Thresholds in Habitat Supply: A Review of the Literature
... or “threshold” change that may have rapid, drastic effects on species or ecosystems. Ecological thresholds involve a change in the rate of response to ecosystem change; a critical value of an ecosystem property at which previously linear or unobserved change becomes a drastic transformation. Around ...
... or “threshold” change that may have rapid, drastic effects on species or ecosystems. Ecological thresholds involve a change in the rate of response to ecosystem change; a critical value of an ecosystem property at which previously linear or unobserved change becomes a drastic transformation. Around ...
Ocelot CH Petition - WildEarth Guardians
... in the U.S. portion of its range, but the Ocelot has not recovered. Indeed, its current population levels are approximately the same in the U.S. as when this animal was listed in 1982: 50 or fewer Ocelots occur in the U.S. Research has shown that critical habitat is effective in promoting recovery o ...
... in the U.S. portion of its range, but the Ocelot has not recovered. Indeed, its current population levels are approximately the same in the U.S. as when this animal was listed in 1982: 50 or fewer Ocelots occur in the U.S. Research has shown that critical habitat is effective in promoting recovery o ...
Conservation Biology for All - Society for Conservation Biology
... 14.4 Factors mediating human‐environment relations Box 14.4: Conservation, biology, and religion (Kyle S. Van Houtan) 14.5 Biodiversity conservation and local resource use 14.6 Equity, resource rights, and conservation Box 14.5: Empowering women: the Chipko movement in India (Priya Davidar) 14.7 Soc ...
... 14.4 Factors mediating human‐environment relations Box 14.4: Conservation, biology, and religion (Kyle S. Van Houtan) 14.5 Biodiversity conservation and local resource use 14.6 Equity, resource rights, and conservation Box 14.5: Empowering women: the Chipko movement in India (Priya Davidar) 14.7 Soc ...
J. John Sepkoski, Jr.
... In discussing biological diversity, Norse (1993) considers hierarchical levels that range from genetic to species to ecosystem. Stress appears to decrease community diversity, often also decreasing the number of species within an individual function, such as primary production. It is critical to con ...
... In discussing biological diversity, Norse (1993) considers hierarchical levels that range from genetic to species to ecosystem. Stress appears to decrease community diversity, often also decreasing the number of species within an individual function, such as primary production. It is critical to con ...
Conservation Biology for All
... 14.4 Factors mediating human‐environment relations Box 14.4: Conservation, biology, and religion (Kyle S. Van Houtan) 14.5 Biodiversity conservation and local resource use 14.6 Equity, resource rights, and conservation Box 14.5: Empowering women: the Chipko movement in India (Priya Davidar) 14.7 Soc ...
... 14.4 Factors mediating human‐environment relations Box 14.4: Conservation, biology, and religion (Kyle S. Van Houtan) 14.5 Biodiversity conservation and local resource use 14.6 Equity, resource rights, and conservation Box 14.5: Empowering women: the Chipko movement in India (Priya Davidar) 14.7 Soc ...
3e7e74ff6a300aa8bfd7eda7ea882f59
... Insects have played a key role in the development of the science of conservation biology. Their abundance and diversity in most terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, and the rapidity of their responses to environmental changes make them attractive model organisms for conservation research and monit ...
... Insects have played a key role in the development of the science of conservation biology. Their abundance and diversity in most terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, and the rapidity of their responses to environmental changes make them attractive model organisms for conservation research and monit ...
Conservation of Wildlife Populations
... of study design and ethics, essential background on genetics necessary for understanding the interface between genetic and demographic approaches, and the estimation of within-population vital rates. The second section covers population processes that form the basis for applied management. Beginning ...
... of study design and ethics, essential background on genetics necessary for understanding the interface between genetic and demographic approaches, and the estimation of within-population vital rates. The second section covers population processes that form the basis for applied management. Beginning ...
Effects of productivity, disturbance, and ecosystem size on food
... extinctions differs from many metapopulation scenarios, where extinctions arise in small populations due to demographic stochasticity, even in constant environments. When disturbance hits a local population, the population goes extinct with a certain probability. If we assume that these disturbances ...
... extinctions differs from many metapopulation scenarios, where extinctions arise in small populations due to demographic stochasticity, even in constant environments. When disturbance hits a local population, the population goes extinct with a certain probability. If we assume that these disturbances ...
How do transposable elements work - Zoology, UBC
... How does rRNA sequencing change through evolution? Where did bats evolve from? What is the difference between the phenetic approach and the cladistic approach? Aren’t they both about comparing DNA sequences? What is a more thorough definition (or a specific example) of polytomy? If two species are r ...
... How does rRNA sequencing change through evolution? Where did bats evolve from? What is the difference between the phenetic approach and the cladistic approach? Aren’t they both about comparing DNA sequences? What is a more thorough definition (or a specific example) of polytomy? If two species are r ...
Review of information, policy and legislation on species translocation
... 2.5.2 Reintroductions of species extinct in the UK ......................................59 2.5.3 Reintroductions of regionally or locally extinct species......................64 2.5.4 Re-enforcement of existing populations ..............................................70 2.5.5 Creation of new popul ...
... 2.5.2 Reintroductions of species extinct in the UK ......................................59 2.5.3 Reintroductions of regionally or locally extinct species......................64 2.5.4 Re-enforcement of existing populations ..............................................70 2.5.5 Creation of new popul ...
Plio-Pleistocene large carnivores from the Italian peninsula
... differences due principally to taxonomic affiliation (family). Although, when phylogenetic history is controlled with comparative methods, significant differences still to occur among taxa with different diets and between small and large forms (threshold posed at 7 kilograms). Interestingly, both ma ...
... differences due principally to taxonomic affiliation (family). Although, when phylogenetic history is controlled with comparative methods, significant differences still to occur among taxa with different diets and between small and large forms (threshold posed at 7 kilograms). Interestingly, both ma ...
Co-declining mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological
... Biodiversity loss can precipitate extinction cascades and impair ecological processes. These ‘downstream’ effects will be exacerbated if functionally important taxa are tightly linked with species threatened by extinction or population decline. We review the current evidence that such a scenario is ...
... Biodiversity loss can precipitate extinction cascades and impair ecological processes. These ‘downstream’ effects will be exacerbated if functionally important taxa are tightly linked with species threatened by extinction or population decline. We review the current evidence that such a scenario is ...
Co-declining mammals and dung beetles: an impending ecological
... Biodiversity loss can precipitate extinction cascades and impair ecological processes. These ‘downstream’ effects will be exacerbated if functionally important taxa are tightly linked with species threatened by extinction or population decline. We review the current evidence that such a scenario is ...
... Biodiversity loss can precipitate extinction cascades and impair ecological processes. These ‘downstream’ effects will be exacerbated if functionally important taxa are tightly linked with species threatened by extinction or population decline. We review the current evidence that such a scenario is ...
Conference program and abstracts. International - CITA-A
... interwoven with that of ecology and evolutionary biology. Traditionally viewed as the study of geographic distributions, modern biogeography now explores a great diversity of patterns in the geographic variation of nature — from physiological, morphological and genetic variation among individuals an ...
... interwoven with that of ecology and evolutionary biology. Traditionally viewed as the study of geographic distributions, modern biogeography now explores a great diversity of patterns in the geographic variation of nature — from physiological, morphological and genetic variation among individuals an ...
Comparative size evolution of marine clades from the Late Permian
... However, this “Lilliput Effect” has only been documented quantitatively in a few invertebrate clades. Moreover, the discovery of Early Triassic gastropod specimens larger than any previously known has called the extent and duration of the Early Triassic size reduction into question. Here, we documen ...
... However, this “Lilliput Effect” has only been documented quantitatively in a few invertebrate clades. Moreover, the discovery of Early Triassic gastropod specimens larger than any previously known has called the extent and duration of the Early Triassic size reduction into question. Here, we documen ...
scale-dependent responses of plant biodiversity to nitrogen
... diversity within individual plots have led to the conclusion that anthropogenic N enrichment is a threat to global biodiversity. These conclusions overlook the influence of spatial scale, however, as N enrichment may alter b diversity (i.e., how similar plots are in their species composition), which ...
... diversity within individual plots have led to the conclusion that anthropogenic N enrichment is a threat to global biodiversity. These conclusions overlook the influence of spatial scale, however, as N enrichment may alter b diversity (i.e., how similar plots are in their species composition), which ...
Spatial dynamics of mutualistic interactions
... 1. I present a model of mutualistic interactions in a patchy landscape. The interaction is between two species that differ in their mobility. The landscape is spatially structured, with several localities interconnected by dispersal of the mobile mutualist. 2. Within a given locality, an Allee effec ...
... 1. I present a model of mutualistic interactions in a patchy landscape. The interaction is between two species that differ in their mobility. The landscape is spatially structured, with several localities interconnected by dispersal of the mobile mutualist. 2. Within a given locality, an Allee effec ...
Importance of the Allee effect for reintroductions1
... establish a species (or any other unambiguously defined lower taxonomic unit) in an area that was once part of its historical range, but from which it has been extirpated or become extinct. We will also use the term translocation (“deliberate and mediated movement of wild individuals or populations ...
... establish a species (or any other unambiguously defined lower taxonomic unit) in an area that was once part of its historical range, but from which it has been extirpated or become extinct. We will also use the term translocation (“deliberate and mediated movement of wild individuals or populations ...
Investigation of sympatric speciation as the outcome of competition
... comparison between simulations with only one food resource and simulations with two available food resources revealed that complete reproductive isolation caused by disruptive selective pressure exerted by adaptation to different resources plays a curial role in the emergence of sympatric species. M ...
... comparison between simulations with only one food resource and simulations with two available food resources revealed that complete reproductive isolation caused by disruptive selective pressure exerted by adaptation to different resources plays a curial role in the emergence of sympatric species. M ...
Michelle Larkin
... chart also shows you that the brachiopods were much more diverse and numerous during the Paleozoic era, which corresponds to the periods Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian, and that they have never been as diverse since the Permo-Triassic mass extinction” (Collins an ...
... chart also shows you that the brachiopods were much more diverse and numerous during the Paleozoic era, which corresponds to the periods Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian, and that they have never been as diverse since the Permo-Triassic mass extinction” (Collins an ...
View Document - bison-m
... shorter timescale (once the threats are imminent) than for species with lower magnitude threats. Because we do not routinely quantify how likely or how soon extinction would be expected to occur absent listing, we must evaluate factors that contribute to the likelihood and time scale for extinction. ...
... shorter timescale (once the threats are imminent) than for species with lower magnitude threats. Because we do not routinely quantify how likely or how soon extinction would be expected to occur absent listing, we must evaluate factors that contribute to the likelihood and time scale for extinction. ...
desert bighorn sheep of new mexico
... Each group presented the results of their work in daily plenary sessions to make sure that everyone had an opportunity to contribute to the work of the other groups and to assure that issues were carefully reviewed and discussed by all workshop participants. The recommendations coming from the works ...
... Each group presented the results of their work in daily plenary sessions to make sure that everyone had an opportunity to contribute to the work of the other groups and to assure that issues were carefully reviewed and discussed by all workshop participants. The recommendations coming from the works ...
Srivastava and Bell 2009
... organisms (e.g. lake acidification: Vinebrooke et al. 2003). Species may also go extinct in tandem because of tight, coevolved interactions. For example, recent estimates suggest that 6300 species of specialist pollinators, parasites 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS ...
... organisms (e.g. lake acidification: Vinebrooke et al. 2003). Species may also go extinct in tandem because of tight, coevolved interactions. For example, recent estimates suggest that 6300 species of specialist pollinators, parasites 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS ...
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms (taxon), normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly ""reappears"" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence.The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described.Through evolution, species arise through the process of speciation—where new varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche—and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition. The relationship between animals and their ecological niches has been firmly established. A typical species becomes extinct within 10 million years of its first appearance, although some species, called living fossils, survive with virtually no morphological change for hundreds of millions of years. Mass extinctions are relatively rare events; however, isolated extinctions are quite common. Only recently have extinctions been recorded and scientists have become alarmed at the current high rate of extinctions. Most species that become extinct are never scientifically documented. Some scientists estimate that up to half of presently existing plant and animal species may become extinct by 2100.