Download EVOLUTION REVIEW

EVOLUTION REVIEW
1.
Explain the difference between Relative Dating and Radioactive Dating.
2. a) What is a half life and with which type of dating is it used?
b) What is an index fossil and with which type of dating is it used?
Use the Graph to answer the following questions.
Radioactive Decay of Carbon-14
1
7/8
Fraction of Carbon-14 Present
3/4
5/8
1/2
3/8
1/4
1/8
0
0
00
30
0
50
28
0
00
27
0
50
25
0
00
24
0
50
22
0
00
21
0
50
19
0
00
18
0
50
16
0
00
15
0
50
13
0
00
12
0
50
10
00
90
00
75
00
60
00
45
00
30
00
15
0
Time (years)
3.
Determine the approximate half-life of Carbon-14.
4.
According to the graph, how many half-lives have passed if a fossil has 1/8 of its original amount of Carbon-14?
5.
A fossil bone was found to contain about 1/16 of the amount of C-14 that was originally present. Use the graph to
determine the approximate age of the bone.
6.
According to the graph, in which case would C-14 be more useful for dating: wooden beams in native American cave
dwellings, which are probably less than 7,000 years old, or the fossil of an early mammal that is almost 100,000 years
old?
Explain your answer:
7.
Describe the relationship between the terms VARIATION and ADAPTATION.
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
On the Galápagos Islands, Charles Darwin observed
completely unrelated species on each of the islands
species exactly like those found in South America
somewhat similar species with traits that suited their particular environment
species completely unrelated to those found in South America
The species of finches that Darwin found on the Galápagos Islands displayed different structural
adaptations. Give an example of one of the adaptations that Darwin noted.
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after
experimentation with animals
observations of many species and their geographical locations
reading the writings of Gregor Mendel
agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution
11. Explain what Lamarck meant when he used the phrases “use and disuse” and “acquired traits are
inherited”
12.
When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part
of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those
that have
characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
the greatest number of offspring
variations best suited to the environment
a.
b.
c.
d.
The number and location of bones of many fossil vertebrates are similar to those in living
vertebrates. Most biologists would probably explain this fact on the basis of
the needs of the organisms
a common ancestor
the struggle for existence
the inheritance of acquired traits
14.
15. What were the names of the 2 geologists who influenced Darwin and what did they help him
understand?
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on the idea(s) of
natural variation and natural selection
use and disuse
a tendency toward perfect , unchanging species
the transmission of acquired characteristics
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which concept is NOT included in the modern theory of evolution?
Descent with modification
Natural selection
Transmission of acquired characteristics
Competition among the members of a population
18.
Darwin proposed that natural selection takes place as individuals best suited/adapted to the
_________________________ survive and reproduce.
19.
List an example of artificial selection.
20.
Modern whales have a vestigial pelvis and femur. What does this evidence suggest about
ancestors of modern whales?
21. Using a population of rabbits that live in a brush community as an example (Brown and white coat
colors), explain genetic drift. (assume there are only 2 alleles for coat color)
22. What are three ways that a new species could form (the isolation mechanisms)?
23. Describe the founder effect
24.
Over time, what is the result of natural selection?
25.
Identify 4 of the major pieces of evidence used to support the theory of evolution.
26.
How is a homologous structure different than an analogous structure?
27.
What provides the instructions that make structures homologous?
28.
What is a vestigial structure?
List 2 examples.
1.
2.
29.
What does the Hardy_Weinberg Principle state:
30. What is macroevolution?
31. What is the difference between adaptive radiation and convergent evolution?
32. What is coevolution?
33. Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.