Download 5. Weather and climate

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
YEAR 1, PART 1
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Contents
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 1.1
01
Our planet Earth
02
The representation of the Earth: maps
03
The Earth s relief
04
Rivers and seas
05
Weather and climate
06
Climates and landscapes of the Earth
07
Climas
paisajes
de España, Europa y la CA
Society yand
the environment
05
Weather and climate
1. The atmosphere
2. Temperature
3. Air humidity and precipitation
4. Atmospheric pressure and wind GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 1.1
05
Introduction
•  The weather and the climate are affected by atmospheric
phenomena.
•  The weather describes the atmospheric conditions in a
particular place at a particular time.
•  Climate refers to atmospheric conditions that exist in a region
over a long period of time.
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1. The atmosphere
1.1. The atmosphere
• The structure of the atmosphere 1.2. The ozone layer
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1.1. The atmosphere
•  The atmosphere is a gaseous layer more than 1000 km thick
that surrounds the Earth.
•  The atmosphere stops the Sun's rays from directly reaching
the Earth's surface.
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The structure of the atmosphere
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The structure of the atmosphere
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1.2. The ozone layer
•  Ozone, a gas produced in the Earth’s atmosphere, forms a layer
that stops ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface.
•  When the ozone layer comes into contact with other gases,
such as gases from certain industries, holes appear in some
places.
•  Ultraviolet light rays penetrate these holes and reach the
Earth's surface.
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2. Temperature
2.1. Atmospheric temperature
• Action of solar rays
• Influence of the sea on daytime and nighttime breezes
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2.1. Atmospheric temperature
•  Atmospheric temperature is the amount of heat in the air from
solar radiation. •  Latitude, altitude and distance from the sea influence
temperature.
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Action of solar rays
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 1.1
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Influence of the sea on daytime and nighttime
breezes
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3. Air humidity and precipitation
3.1. Air humidity
3.2. Clouds and precipitation
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3.1. Air humidity
•  Humidity is the amount of water vapour in the air.
•  The amount of water vapour that the air absorbs depends on the
temperature.
•  A hygrometer measures the degree of humidity in the air.
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3.2. Clouds and precipitation
•  When air rises, water vapour gets colder and condenses into
droplets, forming clouds.
•  If air continues to rise, or gets colder due to a drop in the
temperature, rain forms.
•  When the air temperature is very cold, ice crystals do not melt
when they fall, forming snowflakes.
•  Hail is formed when ice crystals are repeatedly carried higher
by rising air currents.
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4. Atmospheric pressure and wind
4.1. Atmospheric pressure
• The movement of air 4.2. The wind
• Distribution of atmospheric pressure and winds GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 1.1
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4.1. Atmospheric pressure •  Atmospheric pressure is the weight or force that the air exerts
on the surface of the Earth.
•  Atmospheric pressure depends on altitude, air temperature and
the air currents that circulate around the Earth, called jet
streams.
•  Warm air causes areas of low pressure, called depressions. Cold
air causes areas of high pressure, called anticyclones.
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The movement of air
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The movement of air
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4.2. The wind
•  Wind is a mass of moving air that happens between two areas
with different atmospheric pressures.
•  Air always moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low
pressure.
•  There are different types of winds: prevailing winds, seasonal
winds and local winds.
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Distribution of atmospheric pressure and winds
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 1.1
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Distribution of atmospheric pressure and winds
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY 1.1