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Warm UP – Dec. 10 • Xylem transports ______________ up and Phloem transports ____________down. Introduction to animals Characteristics of Animals • All multicellular • Eukaryotes (cells with nucleus & organelles) • Ingestive heterotrophs (take in food and internally digest it) • This is the last of the 6 kingdoms: – – – – – – Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protist Fungus Plant Animal Classification • Animals are classified using: – Symmetry – Organization • ACTOOO • Atom, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism – Coelm – body cavity – Digestive system – Segmentation Symmetry • Symmetrical – Organized – Number of cut planes with mirror images • Ex. Radial - round • Asymmetrical – No organized shape – No mirror images • Radial Symmetry – balanced arrangement of body parts or shapes around a central point or axis • Bilateral Symmetry – body is divided into equivalent right and left halves by only one plane Organization • • • • • • Atom Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Coelm • Cavity formed in some animals – Some have it – Some don’t • Functions – Can serve as a skeleton – Can move fluids • Ex. blood – Place where internal organs form Digestive System • Openings – Some have none • Ex. Sponges – diffuse food – Some have one • Serves as both mouth and anus • Can’t eat and poop at same time. – Some have two • Ex. Worms • Best way! Can eat when pooping! Examples Segmentation • Repetitive body parts • Lots of animals have this, but not always obvious WOW! Embryonic Development Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates • No backbone or vertebral column – Sponges – Mollusks • clams – Worms – Arthropods • Crickets • Horseshoe crabs – Oldest living arthropod • Spiders (2 part body & 4 pair of walking legs) • Insects (3 part body) • Vertebral column • Chordates (Hollow nerve chord) – Fish – Amphibians • Double life (water as larva and land as adult) – Frogs – Salamanders – Reptiles • Dry,scaly skin and terrestrial eggs – Birds INVERTEBRATES Phylum Arthropoda • Means “jointed legs” • Insects, crabs, spiders, barnacles – 80 % are insects • Exoskeleton – Made of chitin • Segmented – Few segments – very specialized • Circulatory system with blood and heart Phylum Annelida • Means “repetitive body parts” • Segmented worms, leeches, earthworms • Marine and terrestrial • Segmented bodies • Long tubular bodies Phylum Mollusca • Means “hard shell, soft body” • Oysters, clams, snails, slugs, squid, octopus • NO segmentation • Well developed eyes • Well developed circulatory system • Nervous system w/ brain Phylum Echinodermata • Means “spiny skin” • Starfish, brittle-stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers • ONLY marine • Radial symmetry • NO circulatory system • NO respiratory system • Waste removal by diffusion • Simple nervous sytem (NO brain) Phylum Nematoda • Means “round worms” • Roundworms, hookworms, pinworms • Bilateral symmetry http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wzCq7 Dmc4g Cnidarians “Stinging cells” • Means “stinging cells” • Radial symmetry • Soft bodies • Carnivorous • Stinging cells arranged in circles around their mouths Phylum Porifera Sponges • • • • • • Means “porous” Multicellular Heterotrophic NO cell walls Asymmetry Contain a few specialized cells Platyhelmenthes “Flatworms” • • • • • • Means “Flatworm” Multicellular Heterotrophic Have internal organs Bilateral symmetry Cephalization Vertebrates Animals with backbones There are 5 vertebrate groups 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Birds Amphibians (frogs, newts) Reptiles (lizards and snakes) Fish Mammals (humans, rats…) BARF M Frog skeleton Snake - skeleton Lizard - skeleton Bird - skeleton Fish - skeleton Human skeleton Bat - skeleton Dog - skeleton Dolphin - skeleton Dinosaur – fossil skeleton X – ray of rat X-ray of lizard X-ray - Frog X-ray of human spine X-ray of fish Phylum Chordata • • • • • • Means SPINAL CHORD Vertebrates and others Notochord (stiffening rod) Dorsal, hollow nerve chord Gill slits (throat region) Post anal tail Marsupials – eg. The Kangaroo, which is a non-placental mammal. Here, the development of the young is very complex, and a baby kangaroo is born very underdeveloped and must crawl into the mother’s pouch and latch onto a nipple to receive milk to continue development. Kangaroo Birth 17 Weeks