Download Review Questions for Unit Test

Review Questions for Evolution through Vertebrates
1. Compare and Contrast an individual from Phylum Porifera and Phylum Mollusca. Be sure
to include a discussion about tissues, symmetry, and a couple other key features.
2. What phylum(s) has/have individuals that are sessile?
3. What are features that may confuse biologists as they attempt to construct a
phylogenetic tree?
4. What principle should biologists follow when constructing a phylogenetic tree? How
does this principle help decide which tree is probably more accurate?
5. List the classification categories in order starting with Kingdom. Which of the 7
categories is unlike the rest, and why?
6. Describe in detail the Miller-Urey Experiment. What did these scientists do? Why? What
were the results?
7. Describe two locations where it is hypothesized life may have began on Early Earth. Why
was life in theses locations possible/plausible/probable?
8. Describe the job of a stomata. What are the benefits (to the plant) of it being open? What
are the benefits (to the plant) of being closed?
9. Explain one way a plant utilizes the hormone auxin and cytokinin.
10. Are monocots and dicots gymnosperms or angiosperms? Explain at least 4 differences
between the two.
11. What is special about plant reproduction? Describe the two “stages.” Which one
dominates a bryophyte’s life cycle? Which one dominates a tracheophytes lifestyle? (actual
vocabulary terms – as compared to shorthand like 4n & 7n – must be used for full credit).
12. Describe the process of Pollination.
13. Describe how one would tell the difference between an acoelomate, coelomate, and
pseudocoelomate. Pictures would be great!
14. What are the three basic shapes of Epithelial Tissue, and what names do we have for
them?
15. Describe the three types of Muscle Tissues in at least 2 sentences each.
16. Name and describe at least 3 of the 5 basic types of connective tissue.
17. What are Motor Neurons (what do they do and where can they be found)? What are
Sensory Neurons (what do they do and where can they be found)?
18. Explain the concept of Natural Selection. How does generic variation and mutations
play a role in natural selection?
19. If 25% of the individuals in a population display a recessive trait (aa), what is the
frequency of alleles “a” in the gene pool? What proportion of the population are
heterozygous for this trait?
20. What is fitness and how is it measured?
21. How do phenotypic variations occur? Are they goal-oriented (because there are only
small seeds available, birds grow small beaks) OR is it random?
22. Describe three pre-zygotic mechanisms for speciation.
Skills you should be able to do:
Label parts of a plant or root system. Including the following terms:
Leaf, terminal (or apical) bud, node, internode, stomata, primary root, lateral root, root
system, shoot system.
Label the hollow nerve chord, notochord, pharyngeal slits/pouches, and postanal tail on a
picture like this:
Provide Key Characteristics for the following vertebrates (number of characteristics given
in lecture)
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Fish (5)
Arthropods (5)
Reptiles (3-4)
Birds (2)
Vocabulary you should be familiar with:
Annual, Biennial, Perennail
Long-Day Plants, Short-Day Plants, Day-Neutral Plants
Phototropism, Gravitropism, Thigmotropism
Auxin, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, Absicisic Acid
Sporophyte, Gametophyte
Vascular Tissue in plants: Xylem, Phloem
Bryophytes, Tracheophytes
Homoplasy, Convergent Evolution, Analogous Traits, Homologous Traits (these would help
with question #3 above)
Endoskeleton, Exoskeleton
Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm, Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, Coelomate
Radial Symmetry, Bilateral Symmetry.
Porifera, Cnidaria (polyp & medusa), Platyhelminthes, Nematoda,