Download 1.B.1 Conserved Core Processes

1.B.1 Conserved Core Processes
Organisms share many conserved core
processes and features that evolved and
are widely distributed among
organisms today.
Structural and functional evidence
supports the relatedness of all domains.
Domain Bacteria
• Prokaryotes
• No membrane-bound
organelles or nuclei
• Peptidoglycan in cell
walls
• Rapid reproduction
and mutation
• May want to review
Ch 27
Domain Archaea
• Prokaryotes
• Share certain traits
with bacteria and
others with
eukaryotes
• …but also have own
unique characteristics
• Many are
extremophiles
(“lovers of extreme
conditions”)
Domain Eukarya
• Eukaryotes
• Protists, fungi, plants, animals
Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Number of
cells
Unicellular to
multicellular
Unicellular to
multicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
How it obtains
energy
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Cell wall?
Generally, no
(but some do)
Yes (made of
chitin)
Yes (made of
cellulose)
No
Example
Volvox,
Paramecium,
Euglena
Mushrooms,
yeast, molds
Ferns, trees,
flowers
Worms, dogs,
humans
The following core processes provide
evidence that all organisms (both
extant and extinct) are linked by lines
of descent from common ancestry.
All Life
We will start with the things
that ALL domains share.
DNA and RNA
Central Dogma
metabolic pathways
Bacteria
Archaea
cytoskeleton
Eukarya
membranebound
organelles
linear
chromosomes
endomembrane
system
DNA and RNA are the carriers
of genetic information for all domains of
life.
The Central Dogma is conserved across all
three domains.
The genetic code is universal and shared by
all modern organisms.
Metabolic pathways are conserved across
all domains.
All Life
DNA and RNA
Central Dogma
metabolic pathways
Bacteria
Archaea
cytoskeleton
Eukarya
membranebound
organelles
linear
chromosomes
endomembrane
system
Structural evidence supports the
relatedness of all eukaryotes.
Example: All eukaryotes have a cytoskeleton, a
network of structural proteins that facilitate cell
movement, morphological integrity and organelle
transport.
Example: All eukaryotes have
membrane-bound organelles, such as
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Example: All eukaryotes have linear
chromosomes
Example: All eukaryotes have endomembrane systems,
which includes the nuclear envelope, the ER, the Golgi
apparatus, and vesicles.
Hint: this would be a great time to review the endomembrane system and what it does! Here is
a simple animation for you: http://goo.gl/rhY8Xs
The fact that all eukaryotic cells share
these similar structures is evidence of a
universal common ancestor.