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Key Terms KEY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Go to the following website for an in-depth list of fitness, nutrition, health, and wellness key terms: (National Academy of Sports Medicine) http://www.nasm.org/nasmpro/library/glossary.aspx?fid=382 Go to the following website for an in-depth look at the human body and anatomy: (National Academy of Sports Medicine) http://www.nasm.org/nasmpro/library/anat_categories.aspx?fid=434 Basic Terms: Health:The general well-being of the body systems and good overall functioning of the various body systems and vital organs Physical Fitness: the ability of the body to meet the demands of a given situation, as relevant to the individual Specific fitness: the ability of the body to meet the demands of a particular sport and its fitness components General fitness: the overall basic fitness of an individual who can meet the demands of everyday life Motor fitness: the ability of the central nervous system to work with the body to produce quick, precise and accurate movements Speed: the ability to move all body parts or whole body as quickly as possible Strength: the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to apply force or to overcome resistance Stamina: the ability to keep going for as long as possible or for as long as is required Flexibility:full range of movement of muscles and a joint Muscular endurance: the ability of the muscles to work hard for a period of time, usually repetitive Static strength:the ability to apply maximum force against a non-moving object (static = still or stationary) Explosive strength: maximum muscular force used in one sudden movement Dynamic strength:the ability to work with maximum effort for a period of time repeatedly Reaction time: to respond to something or someone as quickly as possible Cartilage:tough, rubbery tissue covering bones ends at a joint so as to allow friction-free movement Ligaments: attach bone to bone at a joint to stabilise it and help prevent dislocation Tendons: attaches muscle to bone Smooth muscle: involuntary muscles which are not generally under our direct control Skeletal muscle: voluntary muscles which are under our direct control Prime mover: the muscle of a pair which contracts to cause movement Antagonist: the muscle of a pair which relaxes to allow movement Synergist:the muscles which help to stabilise movement of the body around a joint Origin: the end of the contracting muscle where no movement occurs Insertion: the end of the contracting muscle where the movement occurs Breathing: the act of taking air in and pushing air out of the lungs; the mechanics of the action. Inspiration : the act of breathing in Expiration: the act of breathing out Respiration: the process of freeing of energy from our food Aerobic respiration:the freeing of energy using oxygen (long duration and low intensity exercise) Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy Anaerobic respiration :the freeing of energy without oxygen (short duration, high intensity) Glucose = lactic acid + energy Oxygen debt: the way in which oxygen is ‘paid back’ after intense anaerobic exercise to replenish energy supplies and to remove lactic acid from muscle cells Aerobic capacity: the ability of the heart and lungs to meet the demands of sustained activity (cardio-respiratory fitness / stamina) Vital capacity: the maximum amount of air that the lungs can hold (measured by the amount exhaled) VO2 Max. : the maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken in and utilised by the working muscles during exercise in 1 minute. Tidal volume: the amount of air breathed in and out when at rest (approx. 0.5 litres when at rest compared to 5 - 6 litres when exercising in an adult male) Heart : a cardiac muscle. A hollow pump with 4 chambers. Blood vessels:these transport blood, nutrients and some waste products; the veins, arteries and capillaries Diet :the food and fluids taken in and required for their energy and essential nutrients Energy equation:the balance and link between diet, weight and energy needs Basic metabolic rate:the amount of energy we all use and need to keep alive and healthy Somatotypes:different categories (3) of defining body types and build (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph) Posture: the way in which the body parts are positioned in relation to each other, such as a straight back which is seen to be good posture Fatigue: physical tiredness making it difficult to take part or continue. Often caused by lactic acid build up after exercise Sponsorship: when a company provides money, kit and / or clothing to a team or individual in return for publicity Media: the means by which events and news are covered and broadcast; TV, newspapers, radio Amateur: a sports person who is not paid but who plays just for enjoyment Professional: sports person who is paid to participate; it is their job / career Leisure time: the free time outside of work / school when a choice can be made as to how that time is spent - leisure activities National: involving only one country International: involving more than one country, such as the Olympics