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Training Effects
Amina & Drexler
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Keywords:
• Bradycardia - decrease in the resting heart rate to below 60
beats per minute
• Cardiac output - amount of blood pumped out by each
ventricle in per minute. It is equal to stroke volume multiplied
by heart rate
Stroke Volume x Heart rate = Cardiac Output
• Stroke volume - The amount of blood pumped out by the left
ventricle in each contraction
• VO2(max) - the maximum amount of oxygen that can be taken
in and used by the body in one minute
• Maximum heart rate - the maximum amount of times the
heart beats per minute
• Hypertrophy
This is where the heart gets bigger and stronger as there is an
increase of ventricle size which allows them to fill with more
blood during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle.
This will result in bradycardia (decrease in resting heart rate)
and an increase in stroke volume).
Maximum Cardiac Output will increase but will remain the
same at rest
• Athletes Heart
Common term for an enlarged heart by repeated strenuous
exercise
Increased demand of exercise causes chambers of the heart to
enlarge and it also increases the heart’s muscle mass
This results in an increase in the volume of blood that can be
pumped out p/beat
Heart contracts less
• Increased Capilliarisation
As there is more capillaries, it increases the efficiency of
diffusion of oxygen into the myocardium
• Increased Contractility
Resistance /strength training causes an in the force of heart
contractions.
This is because there is a thickening of the ventricular
myocardium.
This increases stroke volume and will also increase the
ejection fraction as a higher % of blood is pumped
Spot The Difference!
The chambers of the
heart in large, especially
the left ventricle
because it is pumping
blood around the body.
Increase in
muscle
size of the
heart.
•Exam Questions 