Download 2015-16 Fall Semester Exam REVIEW KEY

Name ____________________________________
Date ________________
Science 7- _______
1st Semester 7th Science Exam Review (2015-2016)
CLASS SET
1. Define the following terms: Chloroplast, Cell Wall, Vacuole, Cell Membrane, and Nucleus
a. Chloroplast – used in photosynthesis; contain green pigment called chlorophyll
b. Cell Wall – plants only – surrounds membrane to provide additional support
c. Vacuole – large water container in center of the cell
d. Cell Membrane – selectively permeable – regulates what goes in and out of cell
e. Nucleus – Controls the activities of the cells – all cells have a nucleus
2. Explain the difference between plant and animal cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole.
3. How does a fever help fight infection?
The fever causes an elevated body temperature. This is the body’s defense (response to infection)
and its attempt to kill the bacteria.
4. What is a limitation of a model? Give an example.
A limitation is something that a model cannot demonstrate or show to you.
Example: An experiment to determine how light effects plant growth….the limitation would be that
the experiment is done inside and thus the plant is not exposed to normal atmospheric conditions
that would be in its natural environment
Example: Your cell model could not show you movement of materials or correct size
5. What are the functions of integumentary (skin) system?
Protects body, makes vitamin D, sense of touch, temperature control, waste removal
6. Why is it easy for materials/nutrients to pass through blood vessels to the cells?
Blood is transported through the blood vessel walls. Larger surface area and thinner walls would
allow for easier transport.
7. What is the function(s) of the respiratory system?
Functions are:
a. Brings oxygen into the body through the lungs
b. Oxygen helps to release energy from glucose in the cells
c. Carbon Dioxide wastes are expelled from body through the lungs
8. Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?
Inside the alveoli
9. What is the function(s) of the circulatory system?
Functions are:
a. To carry oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
b. To remove wastes
10. What are the functions of the digestive system?
Functions are:
a. To break down food (larger molecules into smaller ones)(digest)
b. To take in food (ingest)
c. Get nutrients from food (absorption)
d. Eliminate solid waste
11. Which parts of the digestive system are responsible for food absorption?
Small intestine (duodenum)
12. What is mechanical digestion? Where does it take place?
Mechanical digestion occurs when food is broken down by a physical process such as chewing,
churning or mixing. Examples: chewing in mouth, churning of acids in stomach
13. What is chemical digestion? Where does it take place?
Chemical digestion breaks down large molecules into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by
cells. A new substance is created.
Examples: saliva in mouth, HCL acid in stomach
14. What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Functions are:
a. Provide shape and support
b. Protect internal organs
c. Movement
d. Produce blood cells in bone marrow
e. Stores calcium, phosphorous and other minerals
15. What are the functions of the muscular system?
Functions are:
a. Gives body shape
b. Movement
16. Which body systems are responsible for movement?
Skeletal and Muscular
Name ____________________________________
Date ________________
Science 7- _______
17. What is the function of the excretory system?
Functions are:
a. To remove waste
b. Control body fluid consumption (how much water is in your body)
18. What is the function of the nervous system?
Functions are:
a. To receive impulses from external and internal stimuli through nerves and to control the
body’s responses. Controls and coordinates all systems. Important in maintaining
homeostasis
19. What are the functions of the endocrine system?
Functions are:
a. Produces hormones that are made in glands to affect specific “target tissues” in the body.
Example: The pancreas secretes insulin to help the body regulate blood sugar, the pituitary
gland helps with growth, and the adrenaline gland helps with mood.
b. Growth and moods
c.
20. What are the functions of the reproductive system?
Functions are:
a. To ensure the survival of the species by developing offspring which passes genetic information from
one generation to another.
b. Produces sperm and egg cells
c. Works with endocrine system to produce hormones testosterone and estrogen.
21. Give 3 examples of unsafe lab practices.
Tasting a substance, eating in lab, using broken equipment
22. What is the proper way to clean a lab table after an experiment involving water samples?
Wash all supplies with detergent, rinse thoroughly and turn upside down to dry
23. When does the body take in more nutrients - before exercising, after exercising or after a meal?
After consuming a meal
24. How do the circulatory and digestive systems work together to deliver nutrients to the body?
The digestive system absorbs nutrients into the blood stream and the circulatory system transports
these nutrients to the muscles through blood flow.
25. What is a stimulus?
Something that triggers a response from an organism
26. Explain the difference between an external stimulus and an internal stimulus. Give an example of each.
External: something outside the body that triggers a response from an organism (heat outside causes
you to sweat)
Internal: Something inside the body that triggers a response from an organism (bad chicken causes
you to throw up)
27. What is homeostasis? Give an example of how humans maintain homeostasis.
The body’s ability to maintain balance.
Humans sweat when it is hot to maintain homeostasis. Humans shiver when it is cold to maintain
homeostasis. Humans also vomit to maintain homeostasis.
28. What role does the heart play in the circulatory system?
The heart provides the force for blood to flow throughout the human body.
29. How do the integumentary and nervous systems work together?
Sensory nerves in the skin send signals to the brain when something is wrong (hot, cold, pain) and
the nervous system will respond by sending motor neurons for your body to respond.
30. What system is responsible for delivering oxygen to the body?
The circulatory system
31. How do muscles work to move bones?
Skeletal muscles are attached to bones. Muscles work in pairs – one contracts while the other relaxes
to cause the bone to move.
32. What is work? How do know you have performed work on an object?
Work is a force that causes an object to move in the same direction that the force is applied.
33. What is the formula for work? Know how to calculate work.
Work = Force x Distance
34. It takes a boy 30 N to lift a dragon 2 meters above the ground. How much work did the boy do?
W=FxD
W = 30N x 2m
W = 60 Joules
35. Define the following: Vein, Artery and Capillary.
Veins – take the deoxygenated blood TO the heart
Arteries – take the oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart
Capillaries – connect arteries and veins
Name ____________________________________
Date ________________
Science 7- _______
36. What is an organic compound? Give an example.
Organic compounds MUST contain Carbon (C) atoms.
Carbon is bonded to Hydrogen atoms (H).
Comes from something that is living.
EX: CH4
C6H12O11
37. What are the three components (parts) of the cell theory of life?
1. All cells come from pre-existing cells
2. All living things are made of cells
3. Cells are the basic unit of life
38. When new skin forms over a cut or wound, this illustrates which component of the cell theory?
All cells come from pre-existing cells
39. Complete the following levels of cell organization
Cells_TISSUES_-->_ORGANS_-->_SYSTEMS_--> Organisms
40. Which cell produces its own food through photosynthesis? Which organelle is responsible?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts in PLANT CELLS
41. Which cell organelle performs a similar function for the cell as the nervous system does for the human
body?
The nucleus because it is the “brain” of the cell and controls all cell activities.
42. How are skin and a cell membrane similar?
They both control what goes in and out of the organism which helps maintain homeostasis for the
body and the cell.
43. Which organelles of the cell function in a similar manner to the digestive and excretory systems?
Mitochondria and Lysosomes
Mitochondria provides nutrients (turns sugars into energy) for the cell and Lysosomes break down
larger food molecules into smaller molecules and digests old cell parts (rid cell of waste).
44. What are some reasons for an adrenaline rush?
Being excited about an event, being unprepared for a test, swimming in the freezing ocean or being
afraid (flight or fight)
45. The circulatory system moves oxygen through the body, and the respiratory system moves oxygen
INTO the body.
46. What happens to a person’s heart rate as activity increases?
A person’s heart rate will increase as activity increases. The person will also breathe harder to more
oxygenated blood can get to the cells.
47. Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infections? White blood cells
48. Which blood cells are made in the marrow of the large bones and carry oxygen to the cells and carbon
dioxide away? Red blood cells
49. When we eat something, the digestive system changes the food into chemical energy. Then the body
turns that energy form into thermal energy that helps us maintain our body temperature. This helps us
maintain homeostasis (balance within the body).
50. What are the three types of muscles, what do they look like and where are they found in the body?