Download Astronomy The Night Sky. Vocabulary Terms to know for the

Astronomy
The Night Sky.
Vocabulary Terms to know for the Regents:
Horizon, altitude, coordinate system, constellation, zenith, Polaris, ecliptic, lightyear
A. Mapping the Sky
As with any mapping, it is essential to make a __________ ____________________________
that uses an 'x' and 'y' axis to ________________positions.
From anywhere on earth (and in Astronomy magazine), coordinate points have these names:
Up
Across
From the ____________
From the point at which the sun
____________(the
crosses the celestial equator during the
extension of the earth's
________________________:
equator into space)
The 'y' axis point is called
_________________
The 'x' axis point is called the
___________________ or hour circle
Terms we use when viewing from home:
Up
Across
From any point on your
__________________: Starting with
____________, looking up due North as 0º, East is 90º, South is
into the sky:
180º and West is 270º: back to north at
360
The 'y' axis point is called
The 'x' axis point is called the
the _______________
___________________
(What do you think the celestial North Pole is? The celestial sphere?)
Example: if you were looking at Scorpio and so was someone in Liberia, you would use the
same _____________________________________________ to describe the locations. (just
like using Latin to name living things). These measurements would be the same no matter what
day or time you looked at it!!!!
However, if you wanted to tell me where Scorpio was, looking from your backyard, you would
measure its height above the __________________________) and use a compass to tell me how
far from due North it was (____________________). These are only good from your house at
the exact hour and day you took the measurements!!!
The Origin of the ________________________:
Vocabulary to know for the Regents:
Universe, stars, fusion, galaxies, Milky Way Galaxy, local cluster, cosmic background radiation,
spectrum, spectroscope, electromagnetic radiation, red-shift, Doppler Effect
A: _________________________________
1. 13.7 billion years ago, the Universe (all known ________________________________)
began in a moment of ______________ in which energy began to be changed into matter.
(That's basically what __________________ means).
2. Over time, electrons, protons and neutrons ______________________. As these slowed
down a little, atoms of ___________________ began to form. In time, gases coalesced
to form ___________ which are spheres capable of ______________ (making
_____________ ________________ from lighter atoms at millions of degrees).
3. Many pockets of gas became ___________________________________________
moving together through space. Galaxies grouped together to form ____________of
galaxies.
4. Our galaxy is the _________________________________, a spiral galaxy
______________ across and _____________________high.
Draw:
Ours is one of 22 galaxies in our ___________________________. The nearest galaxy to us is
the Andromeda Galaxy.
B: _______________________ Our Universe
1. Ever since that first initial violent explosion, our universe has ____________________
____________________.
a. How do we know? We watch all types of stars, nebula, galaxies, quasars,
pulsars, and black holes.
b. Astronomers discovered something called
_____________________________________ that seems to be great
______________________ left over from a terrific explosion.
2. All matter gives off ________________________________ (including you?), which is
measured in wavelengths and frequencies of both visible and invisible light. See page 14
of ESRT
3. These wavelengths make up the ___________________________________. Each
substance gives off its own ___________________ when viewed through a
spectroscope.
4. When an object ____________________ at great speeds, its spectra shifts to __________
_______________________ (red-shift) and when it is moving ____________________
its spectra shifts to shorter wavelengths (________________________). The faster it is
moving, the __________________________ will be. This is called the
____________________________.
5. When we look at stars, we are looking backwards in time. The farthest quasars (very old
stars) are _____________________________________.
6. Present predictions are for the universe to continue to move outward forever. Too
bizarre!
C:______________________
The matter in the universe separated in all directions.
1. Most ___________________ is in the form of stars or star dust. (You and I are star
dust!!)
2. On the ________________________, stars are classified according to their
_______________________________ and ____________________ (how bright the star
REALLY is). See page 15 of ESRT.
3. All stars begin as _______________________ when space dust has formed a sphere that
becomes very hot, leading to ___________________: when _____________________ is
turned into _________________ in its core.
4. The ________________________________________ (stars that are stable and have a lot
of hydrogen left in their cores)
a. _______________________________ are massive stars that only exist millions
of years before they blow up (__________________), creating ______________
(large clouds of star dust) and either neutron stars or black holes. Large stars
create helium, lithium…..iron.
b. Our star, the Sun, is a typical main sequence star. When it becomes old (uses up
its hydrogen) it will expand and become a _____________________.
5. White and Brown ________________________ are the remnants of exploded Red
Giants.
6. ___________________________ are formed during these massive explosions and
interactions.
7. The matter in the universe is constantly recycled into new dust and stars and energy.
Nothing has been added or taken away (according to the laws of Physics) since the initial
Big Bang.