Lyman-alpha imaging of starburst galaxies in the local universe and beyond Matthew Hayes
... The universe is a large and poorly understood entity. A great deal of what we do understand comes from observations of the stars; by observing the radiation they produce directly, by observing reprocessed stellar energy, or by observing the violent phenomena in the final stages of stellar evolution. ...
... The universe is a large and poorly understood entity. A great deal of what we do understand comes from observations of the stars; by observing the radiation they produce directly, by observing reprocessed stellar energy, or by observing the violent phenomena in the final stages of stellar evolution. ...
Galaxy Formation and Evolution.
... H O U J U N M O is Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Massachusetts. He is known for his work on the formation and clustering of galaxies and their dark matter halos. F R A N K VA N D E N B O S C H is Assistant Professor at Yale University, and is known for his studies of the formation, ...
... H O U J U N M O is Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Massachusetts. He is known for his work on the formation and clustering of galaxies and their dark matter halos. F R A N K VA N D E N B O S C H is Assistant Professor at Yale University, and is known for his studies of the formation, ...
The dark matter crisis: falsification of the current standard model of
... galactic and extragalactic distance scales were proven later (Opik 1922; Hubble 1929). The other “Hypothesis 0ii”, so fundamental that it is usually not stated, is that all present-day matter is created as a relativistic fluid during the hot Big Bang (BB). The observed state of the universe at the pr ...
... galactic and extragalactic distance scales were proven later (Opik 1922; Hubble 1929). The other “Hypothesis 0ii”, so fundamental that it is usually not stated, is that all present-day matter is created as a relativistic fluid during the hot Big Bang (BB). The observed state of the universe at the pr ...
Dark Energy Precision Cosmology Atmospheric
... 2) A monochromatic source that covers the entire wavelength range (250 to 2500 nm) -- avoids worries about differences between stars and galaxies. 3) Would provide an always-available fundamental spectrophotometric standard source for space-based observatories (e.g. SNAP). 4) Minimizes calibration t ...
... 2) A monochromatic source that covers the entire wavelength range (250 to 2500 nm) -- avoids worries about differences between stars and galaxies. 3) Would provide an always-available fundamental spectrophotometric standard source for space-based observatories (e.g. SNAP). 4) Minimizes calibration t ...
Extragalactic Astronomical Masers I
... occurring between the two different energy levels, which are the ground and upper states. The mechanism leading to the population inversion is the pump. Maser pumping is thus caused by the transitions of molecules between the two different energy levels. The mechanism that causes maser pumping is th ...
... occurring between the two different energy levels, which are the ground and upper states. The mechanism leading to the population inversion is the pump. Maser pumping is thus caused by the transitions of molecules between the two different energy levels. The mechanism that causes maser pumping is th ...
Infrared Astronomy
... Humans at normal body temperature, radiate most strongly in the infrared, which is definitely not seen by human eyes. The scientific discovery that the heat we all feel coming from the Sun is largely a radiation beyond the visible red colour of the solar spectrum was made by William Herschel in 1800 ...
... Humans at normal body temperature, radiate most strongly in the infrared, which is definitely not seen by human eyes. The scientific discovery that the heat we all feel coming from the Sun is largely a radiation beyond the visible red colour of the solar spectrum was made by William Herschel in 1800 ...
Annual Report 2014 - Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
... particles, and the calculation of transition probThe Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, usually abilities and cross–sections for astrophysical procalled MPA for short, was founded in 1958 under cesses in rarefied media. From its inception the the directorship of Ludwig Biermann. It was estab- MPA h ...
... particles, and the calculation of transition probThe Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, usually abilities and cross–sections for astrophysical procalled MPA for short, was founded in 1958 under cesses in rarefied media. From its inception the the directorship of Ludwig Biermann. It was estab- MPA h ...
Euclid - at www.arxiv.org.
... Understanding the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe is one of the most compelling challenges of cosmology and fundamental physics. The Euclid surveys will show how cosmic acceleration modifies the expansion history and the 3-dimensional distribution of matter in the Universe. To achieve ...
... Understanding the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe is one of the most compelling challenges of cosmology and fundamental physics. The Euclid surveys will show how cosmic acceleration modifies the expansion history and the 3-dimensional distribution of matter in the Universe. To achieve ...
THE EVOLUTION OF GALAXY NUMBER DENSITY AT Z < 8 AND
... The primary method we use to determine the number densities of galaxies in the universe is to integrate through the fitted mass functions the number of galaxies which are at a given redshift. This requires extrapolating fitted stellar mass functions to reach down to a low mass limit of the galaxy po ...
... The primary method we use to determine the number densities of galaxies in the universe is to integrate through the fitted mass functions the number of galaxies which are at a given redshift. This requires extrapolating fitted stellar mass functions to reach down to a low mass limit of the galaxy po ...
Chapman
... •Until the mid-1990’s the only z>2 objects known were QSOs, radio galaxies, and QS0 absorbers (DLA/LLS) • How can we go about isolating more normal galaxies during the epoch of star/galaxy formation? • The study of high-redshift (let’s say z>1.5) galaxies has exploded in the last ~10 years, with mul ...
... •Until the mid-1990’s the only z>2 objects known were QSOs, radio galaxies, and QS0 absorbers (DLA/LLS) • How can we go about isolating more normal galaxies during the epoch of star/galaxy formation? • The study of high-redshift (let’s say z>1.5) galaxies has exploded in the last ~10 years, with mul ...
Universe of Motion - Reciprocal System of theory
... they are determined primarily by what is already known or is believed to be known, about astronomical phenomena. This existing knowledge, or presumed knowledge, is the raw material from which the theory is constructed, and conformity with the data already accumulated, and the prevailing pattern of s ...
... they are determined primarily by what is already known or is believed to be known, about astronomical phenomena. This existing knowledge, or presumed knowledge, is the raw material from which the theory is constructed, and conformity with the data already accumulated, and the prevailing pattern of s ...
The XXL Survey - I. Scientific motivations − XMM
... detecting a cluster of given apparent size and flux as a function of the local survey exposure time and background. In other words, our philosophy is that complete and uncontaminated cluster samples cannot be defined by a single parameter such as a flux limit. Rather, cosmological cluster samples ar ...
... detecting a cluster of given apparent size and flux as a function of the local survey exposure time and background. In other words, our philosophy is that complete and uncontaminated cluster samples cannot be defined by a single parameter such as a flux limit. Rather, cosmological cluster samples ar ...
Homi Bhabha
... the 'soft component', was easily absorbed in a few centimetres of lead, quite frequently multipled in number in passing through thin sheets of lead and also arrived at the observational level in multiples - as a shower of particles separated by several tens of centimetres. The second component, call ...
... the 'soft component', was easily absorbed in a few centimetres of lead, quite frequently multipled in number in passing through thin sheets of lead and also arrived at the observational level in multiples - as a shower of particles separated by several tens of centimetres. The second component, call ...
The Case for an Accelerating Universe from
... 1998 ; Riess et al. 1998) but have improved with the availability of the Keck Telescope and an increased emphasis on the search for clues of SN Ia evolution. Most of the spectral identiÐcations were made by visual comparison to template spectra of nearby SNe Ia. More recently, automated crosscorrela ...
... 1998 ; Riess et al. 1998) but have improved with the availability of the Keck Telescope and an increased emphasis on the search for clues of SN Ia evolution. Most of the spectral identiÐcations were made by visual comparison to template spectra of nearby SNe Ia. More recently, automated crosscorrela ...
Feedback in low-mass galaxies in the early Universe
... the Universe, when ionizing radiation from the first generation of stars and galaxies reionized the hydrogen gas in the intergalactic medium, which had been neutral since protons and electrons first combined 375,000 years after the Big Bang. Complex, multi-phase galactic outflows are likely to deter ...
... the Universe, when ionizing radiation from the first generation of stars and galaxies reionized the hydrogen gas in the intergalactic medium, which had been neutral since protons and electrons first combined 375,000 years after the Big Bang. Complex, multi-phase galactic outflows are likely to deter ...
PPT
... NASA’s “Beyond Einstein” theme. BBO will probe the frequency region of 0.01–10 Hz, a region between the measurement bands of the presently funded ground- and space-based detectors. Its primary goal is the study of primordial gravitational waves from the era of the big bang, at a frequency range not ...
... NASA’s “Beyond Einstein” theme. BBO will probe the frequency region of 0.01–10 Hz, a region between the measurement bands of the presently funded ground- and space-based detectors. Its primary goal is the study of primordial gravitational waves from the era of the big bang, at a frequency range not ...
Annual Report 2012 - Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
... The MPA was founded specifically as an instiSince 1995 the Wissenschaftliche Institutsrat tute for theoretical astrophysics. Its original goal (WIR) has met regularly about 6 times a year to was to develop the theoretical concepts and numer- discuss all academic, social and administrativ isical algor ...
... The MPA was founded specifically as an instiSince 1995 the Wissenschaftliche Institutsrat tute for theoretical astrophysics. Its original goal (WIR) has met regularly about 6 times a year to was to develop the theoretical concepts and numer- discuss all academic, social and administrativ isical algor ...
elt science case
... filaments) formed from the smooth very high redshift universe. At the same time, the cosmological concordance model seems to indicate that we may have reached a consistent view of the evolution of universe as a whole. Yet, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the “big picture”, such as ...
... filaments) formed from the smooth very high redshift universe. At the same time, the cosmological concordance model seems to indicate that we may have reached a consistent view of the evolution of universe as a whole. Yet, there are still large gaps in our understanding of the “big picture”, such as ...
Chapter 1
... ratios are higher than a cooler nebula. This is because to produce [O iii] λ4363 an electron needs to be excited to 5.3 eV, which requires more energy than for 4959/5007 which result from decay from 1 D2 level, 2.5 eV above the ground-state (see Figure 2.2). Therefore, these ratios can be used to co ...
... ratios are higher than a cooler nebula. This is because to produce [O iii] λ4363 an electron needs to be excited to 5.3 eV, which requires more energy than for 4959/5007 which result from decay from 1 D2 level, 2.5 eV above the ground-state (see Figure 2.2). Therefore, these ratios can be used to co ...
1 - Philosophy, Theology, History, Science, Big Questions
... In this section, I shall define some key terminology and abbreviations that are used in more than one section. This will help the reader keep track of my terms and symbolisms. 1. Embodied moral agents: An “embodied moral agent” will be defined as an embodied conscious being that can make morally sig ...
... In this section, I shall define some key terminology and abbreviations that are used in more than one section. This will help the reader keep track of my terms and symbolisms. 1. Embodied moral agents: An “embodied moral agent” will be defined as an embodied conscious being that can make morally sig ...
T3-Cosmic Star Formation History
... 2003, Giavalisco et al. 2004a, Bouwens et al. 2011b). Infrared (IR)-optical color selection criteria efficiently isolate both actively star-forming and passively evolving galaxies at z ≈ 2 (Franx et al. 2003, Daddi et al. 2004). Photometric redshifts have become an unavoidable tool for placing faint ...
... 2003, Giavalisco et al. 2004a, Bouwens et al. 2011b). Infrared (IR)-optical color selection criteria efficiently isolate both actively star-forming and passively evolving galaxies at z ≈ 2 (Franx et al. 2003, Daddi et al. 2004). Photometric redshifts have become an unavoidable tool for placing faint ...
Y.Ueda_Future_HE_Mission2006 - X
... We have not fully understand the XRB origin yet. The population synthesis model is being almost established below 6-8 keV. However, we have to note that there are a few critical assumptions are made when extrapolating it to above 8 keV. To fully understand the accretion history of the universe, it i ...
... We have not fully understand the XRB origin yet. The population synthesis model is being almost established below 6-8 keV. However, we have to note that there are a few critical assumptions are made when extrapolating it to above 8 keV. To fully understand the accretion history of the universe, it i ...
GAMMA BACKGROUND STUDIES FOR THE XENON
... sort of invisible matter (what we now refer to as dark matter) must be present for the Coma cluster to behave as observed [1–3]. It wasn’t until almost 40 years later when corroborating evidence for Zwicky’s missing mass was found. Vera Rubin, working at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at th ...
... sort of invisible matter (what we now refer to as dark matter) must be present for the Coma cluster to behave as observed [1–3]. It wasn’t until almost 40 years later when corroborating evidence for Zwicky’s missing mass was found. Vera Rubin, working at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at th ...
Dust in the Circumgalactic Medium of Low
... our results are insensitive to background galaxy brightness, the average color of a population of galaxies will slightly change if the limiting magnitude is effectively altered. This effect, similar to the population reddening effect discussed in Peek & Schiminovich (2013), is very small; for our sa ...
... our results are insensitive to background galaxy brightness, the average color of a population of galaxies will slightly change if the limiting magnitude is effectively altered. This effect, similar to the population reddening effect discussed in Peek & Schiminovich (2013), is very small; for our sa ...
pasquiniaveiro
... and measurements accurate: however they sit at the center of huge potential wells: large peculiar motions, larger than the Cosmic Signal are expected Radio Galaxies with ALMA : The CODEX aim has been independently studied for ALMA: as for Masers, local motions of the emitters are real killers. Few r ...
... and measurements accurate: however they sit at the center of huge potential wells: large peculiar motions, larger than the Cosmic Signal are expected Radio Galaxies with ALMA : The CODEX aim has been independently studied for ALMA: as for Masers, local motions of the emitters are real killers. Few r ...
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or ""relic radiation."" The CMB is a cosmic background radiation that is fundamental to observational cosmology because it is the oldest light in the universe, dating to the epoch of recombination. With a traditional optical telescope, the space between stars and galaxies (the background) is completely dark. However, a sufficiently sensitive radio telescope shows a faint background glow, almost exactly the same in all directions, that is not associated with any star, galaxy, or other object. This glow is strongest in the microwave region of the radio spectrum. The accidental discovery of CMB in 1964 by American radio astronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson was the culmination of work initiated in the 1940s, and earned the discoverers the 1978 Nobel Prize.The CMB is a snapshot of the oldest light in our Universe, imprinted on the sky when the Universe was just 380,000 years old. It shows tiny temperature fluctuations that correspond to regions of slightly different densities, representing the seeds of all future structure: the stars and galaxies of today.The CMB is well explained as radiation left over from an early stage in the development of the universe, and its discovery is considered a landmark test of the Big Bang model of the universe. When the universe was young, before the formation of stars and planets, it was denser, much hotter, and filled with a uniform glow from a white-hot fog of hydrogen plasma. As the universe expanded, both the plasma and the radiation filling it grew cooler. When the universe cooled enough, protons and electrons combined to form neutral atoms. These atoms could no longer absorb the thermal radiation, and so the universe became transparent instead of being an opaque fog. Cosmologists refer to the time period when neutral atoms first formed as the recombination epoch, and the event shortly afterwards when photons started to travel freely through space rather than constantly being scattered by electrons and protons in plasma is referred to as photon decoupling. The photons that existed at the time of photon decoupling have been propagating ever since, though growing fainter and less energetic, since the expansion of space causes their wavelength to increase over time (and wavelength is inversely proportional to energy according to Planck's relation). This is the source of the alternative term relic radiation. The surface of last scattering refers to the set of points in space at the right distance from us so that we are now receiving photons originally emitted from those points at the time of photon decoupling.Precise measurements of the CMB are critical to cosmology, since any proposed model of the universe must explain this radiation. The CMB has a thermal black body spectrum at a temperature of 7000272548000000000♠2.72548±0.00057 K. The spectral radiance dEν/dν peaks at 160.2 GHz, in the microwave range of frequencies. (Alternatively if spectral radiance is defined as dEλ/dλ then the peak wavelength is 1.063 mm.) The glow is very nearly uniform in all directions, but the tiny residual variations show a very specific pattern, the same as that expected of a fairly uniformly distributed hot gas that has expanded to the current size of the universe. In particular, the spectral radiance at different angles of observation in the sky contains small anisotropies, or irregularities, which vary with the size of the region examined. They have been measured in detail, and match what would be expected if small thermal variations, generated by quantum fluctuations of matter in a very tiny space, had expanded to the size of the observable universe we see today. This is a very active field of study, with scientists seeking both better data (for example, the Planck spacecraft) and better interpretations of the initial conditions of expansion. Although many different processes might produce the general form of a black body spectrum, no model other than the Big Bang has yet explained the fluctuations. As a result, most cosmologists consider the Big Bang model of the universe to be the best explanation for the CMB.The high degree of uniformity throughout the observable universe and its faint but measured anisotropy lend strong support for the Big Bang model in general and the ΛCDM (""Lambda Cold Dark Matter"") model in particular. Moreover, the fluctuations are coherent on angular scales that are larger than the apparent cosmological horizon at recombination. Either such coherence is acausally fine-tuned, or cosmic inflation occurred.