Download Global 9R Unit 2 Review Sheet

Global 9R – Unit 2: Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
Exam Structure
35 Standard Multiple Choice
10 Vocabulary/Leader Matching
1 Primary Source Analysis Short Answer
1 Extended Response Question (CHOICE OF 2)
Egyptian Civilization
 Nile River
o Cataracts
o Delta Region
o Geographic location helps isolate Egypt.
 Lower Egypt vs. Upper Egypt  United by Menes
 Old Kingdom
o Pyramid Age
o Vizier – chief minister of the Pharaoh
 Middle Kingdom
o Pharaoh promotes public works like irrigation projects.
o Social hierarchy firmly developed.
o Hyksos invade and expose Egyptians to new weapons.
 New Kingdom
o Hatshepsut
 Expanded Trade
o Ramses II
 Military victories against the Hittites
 1st peace treaty
 Lasting Contributions
o Social hierarchy
o Mummification – knowledge of the body
o Geography – building of the pyramids
o Polytheistic Religion – Amon Re, chief sun god. Osiris, god of the dead
o Hieroglyphics (translated through use of the Rosetta Stone)
Sumerian Civilization
 Floods (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers)
 Irrigation System
 Ziggurats
 City-states
 Social Hierarchy
 Polytheism
 Cuneiform
 Epic of Gilgamesh
Empires in Mesopotamia
 Akkadian
o Sargon (1st Empire Builder)

Babylonian
o Hammurabi and the Code of Hammurabi
o Civil Laws vs. Criminal Laws
o Nebuchadnezzar (Revival of Babylon)

Hittites
o Exposed the people of Mesopotamia to new weapons made of iron.
o Cultural Diffusion

Assyrians
o Ashurbanipal
o First Library at Nineveh (capital city of the Assyrian empire)

Persians
o Cyrus promotes religious and cultural tolerance.
o Darius unites the Persian Empire and breaks up the empire into 20 provinces called satrapies.
Each is run by a governor called a satrap.
 Established a series of royal roads that connected the empire and its peoples.
 Promoted the use of coined money money economy vs. barter economy
o Zoroastrianism – one of the first monotheistic religions

Phoenicians
o Carriers of Civilization
o Excellent seamen and sailors
o Established many colonies along the Mediterranean coast of North Africa
o Created the first alphabet based on phonetic sounds.

Hebrews
o Kingdom of Israel
o David
o Solomon
 Split into 2 separate kingdoms, Israel and Judah
o Judaism
 Monotheism
 Covenant
 Ten Commandments
 Torah
 Prophets
 Ethics
o Diaspora (dispersal of Jews throughout the world)