Download Midterm Exam Review

Human Anatomy & Physiology
Midterm Exam Review
1.
Define anatomy and physiology.
2.
Organize the following from simplest to most complex: cell, chemical, organelle, organ,
organ system, organism, and tissue.
3.
According to your textbook, what are the eleven major systems of the body? Describe
each.
4.
What is homeostasis?
5.
Read the descriptions, which best describes positive feedback, negative feedback?
__________________ feedback
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•
•
•
•
stabilizes physiological variables
is inhibitory
responsible for maintaining homeostasis
more common than the other type of feedback produces an action that is
opposite to the change that activated the system
____________________ feedback
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•
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is stimulatory
amplifies that change that is occurring
tends to produce destabilizing effects and disrupts homeostasis
6.
What are the three basic components of a control mechanism? Explain each!
7.
Be able to describe a body in anatomical position (fingers must be visible).
8.
Be able to identify the following areas: ventral cavity, dorsal cavity, abdominopelvic,
cranial, spinal thoracic.
9.
On the diagrams below label the following areas:
frontal, orbital, oral, axillary, brachial, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic, umbilical,
digital, pubis, patellar, femoral, lumbar, crural, gluteal, occipital, antecubital.
10.
Be able to distinguish between a transverse, frontal, and sagittal plane.
11.
Be able to use the following terms to indicate direction: superior/inferior,
anterior/posterior, dorsal/ventral, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, superficial/deep.
12.
The knee is proximal/distal to the ankle. (circle correct term)
13.
The heart lies medial/lateral to the lungs.
14.
Define histology.
15.
How are tissue classified in the body? Name and briefly describe the four principal types.
16.
What are the five functions of the epithelial tissue?
17.
Draw a cell that each of the following shapes: squamous, cuboidal, columnar.
18.
What is the difference between epithelial tissue that is "simple" compared to "stratified"
19.
What is connective tissue? Give two examples of connective tissue.
21.
What is a neuron? Neuroglia? Draw a neuron and label all significant parts. Use an arrow
to illustrate the direction of the impulse.
22.
Be able to identify each of the basic tissue types from a diagram of each.
23.
Describe the basic functions of the skin.
24.
Be able to identify the following structures on a diagram/model of the skin: epidermis,
dermis, subcutaneous tissue, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum,
stratum germinativum, hair, sweat gland, muscle, oil gland.
25.
Describe the two major divisions of the nervous system, CNS and PNS.
26.
What is a reflex arc? What are the basic components? Describe each.
27.
What is a synapse? Describe in detail the events that occur at the synapse.
28.
The brain is divided into four major areas: diencephalon, brain stem, cerebrum and
cerebellum. Describe what occurs in each section and draw a diagram indicating the
location of each.
29.
List and describe the primary functions of all 12 cranial nerves. Be sure to include
sensory vs. motor fibers.