Download Integumentary Outline

I. Body Membranes – cover surfaces, line body cavities, and form
protection/lubrication around organs
A. Epithelial
1. Cutaneous – skin
2. Mucous – resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called
lamina propria, lines all body cavities that open to exterior for
absorption and secretion
3. Serous – AKA serosa, has simple squamous and areolar tissues,
lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior, occur in pairs
(parietal on the outside and visceral on the inside)
a. Peritoneum – abdominal cavity
b. Pleura – lungs
c. Pericardium – heart
B. Connective
1. Synovial - areolar tissue (no epithelia tissue), line fibrous capsules
around joints
II. Skin
A. Epidermis – superficial layer, avascular
1. Stratum basale – deepest epidermis, cells constantly dividing,
melanocytes
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum – keratin granules
4. Stratum lucidum – clear, only in thick skin on soles/palms
5. Stratum corneum – keratinized
B. Dermis
1. Papillary – superficial to reticular, dermal papillae, capillary loops
2. Reticular – deeper, blood vessels, sweat/oil glands, lamellar
corpuscles, phagocytes
III. Glands
A. Exocrine Glands – release to surface via ducts
1. Sebaceous – release sebum (oil with cell fragments), all over body
on thin skin, ducts usually empty on hair follicle, lubricate and kill
bacteria
2. Sweat – AKA sudoriferous, widely distributed (2.5 million per
person)
a. Eccrine – produce sweat (clear, some salts), all over body,
inhibits bacteria, help to regulate heat
b. Apocrine – armpit, nipples and genital areas, larger glands,
secretion contains fatty acids and proteins so milky or
yellowish in color, can be smelly when bacteria use as a
source of nutrients