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Wilson Found in a streamCracksfrost Surfacesediment WEATHERING AND SOIL FORMATION PRE- NOTES QUESTIONS 1. How do water and air cause rocks to crumble? 2. Why is soil one of our most important resources? 3. How are weathering and soil formation related? MINI LAB- WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? 1. 2. 3. 4. 2 small cups filled with water Put 1 sugar cube in one cup Put 1 tsp granulated sugar in one cup Using 2 separate spoons stir the cups at the same rate 5. Observe which type of sugar dissolves more quickly • Did the sugar dissolve at the same rate? • Which do you think would wear away faster a large or small rock? Explain. WEATHERING • Weathering- the breakdown of rock into smaller and smaller pieces • 2 TYPES: 1. Mechanical Weathering- the breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means (changing appearance, not composition) 2. Chemical Weathering- the chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces TYPES OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING 1. Ice – Water expands when it freezes. • Ice Wedging- when water forces a rock open wider over time 2. Wind- When wind blows against rock, it wears away at the surface of the rock. TYPES OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING • Abrasion- the action of rocks and sediment grinding against each other and wearing away exposed surfaces 3. Water- When rocks get carried in rivers, they bump into each other becoming river rocks. 4. Gravity- When one rock falls on another, as they tumble down a mountain TYPES OF MECHANICAL WEATHERING 5. Plants- Plants can easily break rocks. • Ex: Tree roots can crack sidewalks. 6. Animals- Animals burrow through soil and move particles around. • Ex: Earthworms, groundhogs TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING • Chemical weathering breaks down rocks and minerals into new substances. 1. Water- Rock is broken down by water. • Ex: Sugar cube, chalk, granite 2. Acid Precipitation- (Acid Rain) • Contains acid due to pollution • Ex: Sulfuric, nitric, and carbonic acid TYPES OF CHEMICAL WEATHERING 3. Acid in Groundwater- Water underground can contain acid, which reacts with rocks and minerals. • Ex: Limestone 4. Acid in Living Things- Some organisms produce acid, which can break down rock. • Ex: Lichens 5. Air- Rocks and elements react with oxygen to form rust. • Oxidation- chemical reaction in which an element like iron reacts with oxygen to form an oxide CHEMICAL OR MECHANICAL??? VIDEO- IDENTIFYING THE TYPE OF WEATHERING!