Download Unit 4 Review

Biology
Unit 4 Review Sheet
Name_______________________
Date______________Per_______
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
____ 2. Offspring that result from crosses between parents with different traits are called
a.
b.
____ 3. The chemical factors that determine traits are called
____ 4. Gregor Mendel concluded that traits are
a. not inherited by offspring.
b. inherited through the passing of factors from parents to offspring.
c. determined by dominant factors only.
d. determined by recessive factors only.
____ 5. When Gregor Mendel crossed a tall plant with a short plant, the F1 plants inherited
____ 6. The principle of dominance states that
____ 7. When Gregor Mendel crossed true-breeding tall plants with true-breeding short plants, all
the offspring were tall because
a. the allele for tall plants is recessive.
b. the allele for short plants is dominant.
c. the allele for tall plants is dominant.
d. they were true-breeding like their parents.
____ 8. The principles of probability can be used to
a. predict the traits of the offspring produced by genetic crosses.
b. determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses.
c. predict the traits of the parents used in genetic crosses.
d. decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses.
____ 9. In the P generation, a tall plant is crossed with a short plant. The probability that an F2 plant
will be tall is
____ 10. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
Tt
T
t
T
TT
Tt
T
TT
Tt
TT
T =
Tall
t =
Short
Figure 11–1
____ 11. In the Punnett square shown in Figure 11–1, which of the following is true about the offspring
resulting from the cross?
a. About half are expected to be
c. About half are expected to be tall.
short.
b. All are expected to be short.
d. All are expected to be tall.
____ 12. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for
that gene are called
____ 13. A cross of a black chicken (BB) with a white chicken (WW) produces all speckled offspring
(BBWW). This type of inheritance is known as
____ 14. Variation in human skin color is an example of
a. incomplete dominance.
c. polygenic traits.
b. codominance.
d. multiple alleles.
____ 15. If an organism’s diploid number is 20, its haploid number is
____ 16. Gametes are produced by the process of
a. mitosis.
c. crossing-over.
b. meiosis.
d. replication.
____ 17. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
Figure 12–1
____ 18. Figure 12–1 shows the structure of a(an)
____ 19. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a. ribose + phosphate group + thymine
b. ribose + phosphate group + uracil
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil
d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
____ 20. DNA is copied during a process called
____ 21. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a. each with two new strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c. each with one new strand and one original strand.
d. each with two original strands.
____ 22. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the
bases
____ 23. RNA contains the sugar
____ 24. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
a. adenine.
b. uracil.
c. phosphate groups.
d. thymine.
____ 25. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
a. ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b. deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
c. phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
d. phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
____ 26. How many main types of RNA are there?
____ 27. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
____ 28. What is produced during transcription?
Figure 12–2
____ 29. What does Figure 12–2 show?
____ 30. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
____ 31. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on
the
a. codon on the mRNA only.
b. anticodon on the mRNA only.
c. anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached only.
d. codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is
attached.
____ 32. Genes contain instructions for assembling
a. purines.
c. proteins.
b. nucleosomes.
d. pyrimidines.
____ 33. Which of the following have been produced by selective breeding?
a. horse breeds
c. dog breeds
b. cat breeds
d. all of the above
____ 34. Selective breeding produces
a. more offspring.
b. fewer offspring.
c. desired traits in offspring.
d. transgenic organisms.
____ 35. Which of the following is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic
defect?
a. inbreeding
c. genetic engineering
b. hybridization
d. transformation
____ 36. Genetic engineering involves
____ 37. Why is Dolly a clone?
a. The source of her DNA was a single body cell.
b. The DNA molecules in all her cells are identical.
c. She was produced using the DNA from an adult’s egg cell.
d. She is genetically identical to her offspring.
____ 38. How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
____ 39. In humans, a male has
____ 40. Human females produce egg cells that have
a. one X chromosome.
c. one X or one Y chromosome.
b. two X chromosomes.
d. one X and one Y chromosome.
____ 41. In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)
____ 42. A pedigree can be used to
a. determine whether a trait is inherited.
b. show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next.
c. determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive.
d. all of the above
____ 43. The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that
a. the most important genes are different among most people.
b. no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA.
c. most genes are dominant.
d. most people have DNA that contains repeats.
____ 44. The Human Genome Project is an attempt to
a. make a DNA fingerprint of every person’s DNA.
b. sequence all human DNA.
c. cure human diseases.
d. identify alleles in human DNA that are recessive.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
____ 45. A trait is a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.
_________________________
____ 46. An organism with a dominant allele for a particular form of a trait will sometimes exhibit that
trait. _________________________
____ 47. If an organism has 16 chromosomes in each of its egg cells, the organism’s diploid number is
32. _________________________
____ 48. Mitosis results in two cells, whereas meiosis results in one cell.
_________________________
____ 49. If a nucleic acid contains uracil, it is DNA. _________________________
____ 50. A codon consists of four nucleotides. _________________________
____ 51. The anticodon AGA is complementary to the codon TCT. _________________________
____ 52. In humans, the mother determines the sex of the offspring. _________________________
____ 53. A pedigree showing the inheritance of Huntington’s disease within a family would show shaded
symbols for people with the disease. _________________________
____ 54. A person who has Down syndrome has two copies of chromosome 21.
_________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
Figure 12–4
61. Inferring From which labeled structure in Figure 12–4 is structure D made? Identify that
labeled structure(give me it’s name).
62. Interpreting Graphics Identify structure F in Figure 12–4. What does it specify?
63. Interpreting Graphics What is structure E in Figure 12–4? What does it specify?
Figure 12–2
56. According to Figure 12–2, what amino acids do the following codons code for?
AUA ____________________
UAA____________________
UCC ____________________
AGG____________________
GAG ____________________
CGA____________________
Figure 12–1
55. The structure labeled X in Figure 12–1 is a(an) ____________________.
The pedigree shows the inheritance of free earlobes and attached earlobes in five
generations of a family. Attached earlobes are caused by a recessive allele (f).
Figure 14–2
67. Inferring Is individual 1 in Figure 14–2 homozygous or heterozygous for free earlobes?
Explain.
68. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 14–2, how many children of individuals 4 and 5 have attached
earlobes?
69. Predicting Predict the genotype and phenotype of individual 14 in Figure 14–2.
Figure 12–5
64. Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12–5?
65. Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 12–5.
66. Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12–5 is a codon?
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Heterozygous male guinea pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr) are crossed with heterozygous
female guinea pigs with black, rough hair (BbRr). The incomplete Punnett square in Figure 11-4
shows the expected results from the cross.
BbRr
BR
Br
bR
br
BR
BBRR
BBRr
BbRR
BbRr
Br
BBRr
BBrr
BbRr
Bbrr
BbRr
bR
BbRR
BbRr
bbRR
bbRr
br
BbRr
Bbrr
bbRr
?
Hair Color
B = Black
b = White
Hair Texture
R = Roughr =
Smooth
Figure 11–4
58. Using Tables and Graphs Identify the genotype of the offspring that would be represented
by the question mark in Figure 11–4.
59. Using Tables and Graphs Identify the phenotype of the offspring represented by the
question mark in Figure 11–4.
60. Analyzing Data In Figure 11–4, what are the genotypes of the offspring that have black,
rough hair?